English Translations from the Greek: A Bibliographical SurveyFoster, Finley Melville Kendall
General
English Translations from the Greek: A Bibliographical Survey
Foster, Finley Melville Kendall
Greek literature -- Translations into English -- Bibliography; Thesis (Ph. D.)
To a large extent the table speaks for itself, for the interests and
preferences of each generation are made self‐evident; nevertheless it may
be worth while to sum up a few of the outstanding facts. The Elizabethans
translated anything which appealed to them and in many cases added to or
at least embellished the translation as they saw fit. Some of their
translations were made from the French, as Caxton’s version of Aesop or
North’s version of Plutarch. One has but to compare Marlowe and Chapman’s
_Hero and Leander_ with Musaeus to realize how little is Musaeus and how
much is Marlowe and Chapman. The Elizabethan translators, moreover, were
indiscriminate in their tastes, largely because their stock of Greek
learning was small and consequently they had no perspective from which to
judge the comparative merits of the works which they translated. “It was
all Greek to them” and therefore proper to be translated. They enjoyed and
believed Artemidorus’ _Dreams_ as much as they did any of the works of
Aristotle. Finally I wish to point out the high place Romance holds in the
fifty years before 1600. This adds to the credibility of the theory of the
influence of the Greek Romance upon Elizabethan prose fiction. All things
considered, the translations of the Elizabethans are thoroughly in accord
with the temper of the times as exhibited in their literature.
It is interesting to note that in the one hundred and fifty years
immediately following the Civil War Philosophy is the chief interest. The
neo‐classicists, theoretically at least, went back to the classics for
their authority. Indeed Aristotle’s _Poetics_ was considered absolute in
all its dicta. Fable and Epic with varying success contend for second
place in their interest. The moralized fable was naturally popular with a
generation which loved the didactic; and the epic, as they often
acknowledged, was a model for their own poetry. The rise of Poetry, such
as Pindar’s _Odes_, Anacreon’s _Odes_, and Tyrtaeus’ _Elegies_, is to my
mind an evidence of the change in opinion and attitude toward literature
which was gradually increasing during the latter half of the eighteenth
century and which finally came to the foreground in the first part of the
next century. Pindar’s _Odes_ were placed directly in opposition to those
of Cowley’s and the lyrics of Sappho were certainly not in accord with the
ideas of the neo‐classicists. Whether these translations were wholly
correct or not, is aside from the point. Men were becoming more interested
in the lyrical side of Greek literature, and this interest exhibited a
taste foreign to sententious didacticism; for none of that is to be found
in the Elegiac, Iambic, or Lyric Poetry of the Greeks. Once again, then,
the kind of translation which the generations enjoyed was coincident with
the prevailing literary taste, and the rise of Poetry toward the close of
these one hundred and fifty years is at least evidence of a change in
public interest.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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