English Verse: Specimens Illustrating its Principles and HistoryAlden, Raymond MacDonald
General
English Verse: Specimens Illustrating its Principles and History
Alden, Raymond MacDonald
English language -- Versification; English poetry
Another large group of hovering accents is that formed by French
words with such terminations as _-our_, _-ance_, _-ace_, _-age_,
_-ant_, _-ess_. In such cases the original tendency of the word was
to accent the final syllable; but the general tendency of English
accents being recessive, the words often passed through a
transitional period when the accent was variable or "hovering." The
first of the four lines just quoted shows us a word of this
character.
For an interesting presentation of certain phases of the laws of
stress in English verse, see Robert Bridges's _Milton's Prosody_
(ed. 1901), Appendix J, "on the Rules of Stress Rhythms."
B.--TIME-INTERVALS
The fundamental principle of the rhythm of English verse (and indeed of
any rhythm) is that _the accents appear at regular time-intervals_. In
practice there is of course great freedom in departing from this
regularity, the equal time-intervals being at times only a standard of
rhythm to which the varying successions of accented and unaccented
syllables are mentally referred. Where the equal time-intervals are
observed with substantial regularity, two sorts of verse are still to
be clearly distinguished: that in which not only the intervals of time
but the numbers of syllables between the accents are substantially equal
and regular, and that in which the number of syllables varies. The
latter class is that of the native Germanic metres; the former is that
of the Romance metres, and of modern English verse as influenced by
them. With the development of regularity in the counting of syllables
there has perhaps also taken place a development of regularity in the
regular counting of the time-intervals. In other words, the modern
English reader, where the number of syllables between accents is
variable, makes the time-intervals as nearly equal as possible by
lengthening and shortening the syllables in the manner permitted by the
freedom of English speech; in early English verse, where the number of
syllables between accents varied very greatly, we cannot be sure that
the time-intervals were so accurately felt or preserved in recitation.
i. _Verse showing fairly regular intervals between accents_
Avoid extremes; and shun the fault of such
Who still are pleas'd too little or too much.
At every trifle scorn to take offence,
That always shows great pride, or little sense:
Those heads, as stomachs, are not sure the best,
Which nauseate all, and nothing can digest.
Yet let not each gay turn thy rapture move;
For fools admire, but men of sense approve:
As things seem large which we through mist descry,
Dulness is ever apt to magnify.
(POPE: _Essay on Criticism_, ll. 384-393.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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