English Verse: Specimens Illustrating its Principles and HistoryAlden, Raymond MacDonald
General
English Verse: Specimens Illustrating its Principles and History
Alden, Raymond MacDonald
English language -- Versification; English poetry
The appendix to the work of Norden, cited above, is a fuller
development of ideas frequently suggested by the sporadic
appearance of rime in early Greek and Latin literature. Norden
gives many examples of this "rhetorical rime," as well as of rime
arising naturally from parallelism of sentence structure found in
primitive charms, incantations, and the like. In particular he
emphasizes the influence of the figure of _homœoteleuton_ as
used in the literary prose of the classical languages. His
conclusion is as follows: "Rime, then, was potentially as truly
present in the Greek and Latin languages, from the earliest times,
as in every other language; but in the metrical (quantitative)
poetry it had no regular place, and appeared there in general only
sporadically and by chance, being used by only a few poets as a
rhetorical ornament. It became actual by the transition from the
metrical poetry to the rhythmical (that is, the syllable-counting,
in which--in the Latin--the chief consideration is still for the
word-accent); and this transition was consummated by the aid of the
highly poetic prose, already used for centuries, which was
constructed according to the laws of rhythm, and in which the
rhetorical homœoteleuton had gained an ever-increasing
significance. In particular, rime found an entrance through sermons
composed in such prose, and delivered in a voice closely
approaching that of singing, into the hymn-poetry which was
intimately related to such sermons. From the Latin hymn-poetry it
was carried into other languages, from the ninth century onward. It
is self-evident that in these languages also rime was potentially
present before it became actual through the influence of foreign
poetry; for in this region also there operates the highest immanent
law of every being and every form of development,--that in the
whole field of life nothing absolutely new is invented, but merely
slumbering germs are awakened to active life." (_Antike
Kunstprosa_, vol. ii. pp. 867 ff.)
Me lifes onlah. se þis leoht onwrah.
and þæt torhte geteoh. tillice onwrah.
glæd wæs ic gliwum. glenged hiwum.
blissa bleoum. blostma hiwum.
Secgas mec segon. symbel ne alegon.
feorh-gife gefegon. frætwed wægon.
wic ofer wongum. wennan gongum.
lisse mid longum. leoma getongum.
(From the "Riming Poem" of the _Codex Exoniensis_.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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