English Verse: Specimens Illustrating its Principles and HistoryAlden, Raymond MacDonald
General
English Verse: Specimens Illustrating its Principles and History
Alden, Raymond MacDonald
English language -- Versification; English poetry
This puzzlingly early appearance of rime in Anglo-Saxon verse, in
conjunction with fairly regular alliteration, is of especial
interest.[12] "It is supposed," says Schipper, "that this new form has
for its foundation the Scandinavian _Runhenda_, and that this was known
to the Anglo-Saxons through the Old Norse poet, Egil Skalagrimsson, who
was living in England in the tenth century, and who stayed twice in
England at Athelstan's court, writing a poem in Northumbria in the same
form." He also observes that the attempt to attain something like
equality of feet and half-lines suggests the Norse models.
Sainte Marie, Cristes bur,
Maidenes clenhad, moderes flur,
Dilie mine sinne, rixe in min mod,
Bring me to winne with self god.
(Verses attributed to St. Godric. ab. 1100.)
Godric, the hermit of Norfolk, lived about 1065-1170. These verses seem
to give the earliest extant appearance of end-rime in Middle English.
The Romance words in the hymn indicate the presence of French influence.
(On this hymn see article in _Englische Studien_, vol. xi. p. 401.)
Woden hehde þa hæhste laȝe: an ure ælderne dæȝen.
he heom wes leof: æfne al swa heore lif.
he wes heore walden: and heom wurðscipe duden.
þene feorðe dæi i þere wike: heo ȝiven him to wurðscipe.
þa Þunre heo ȝiven þures dæi: for þi þat heo heom helpen mæi.
Freon heore læfdi: heo ȝiven hire fridæi.
Saturnus heo ȝiven sætterdæi: þene Sunne heo ȝiven sonedæi.
Monenen heo ȝivenen monedæi: Tidea heo ȝeven tisdæi.
þus seide Hængest: cnihten alre hendest.
(LAYAMON: _Brut_, ll. 13921-13938. Madden ed., vol. ii. p. 158. ab.
1200.)
On the verse of the _Brut_ see above, p. 119.
Ich æm elder þen ich wes · a wintre and alore.
Ic wælde more þaune ic dude · mi wit ah to ben more.
Wel lange ic habbe child ibeon · a weorde end ech adede.
Þeh ic beo awintre eald · tu ȝyng i eom a rede....
Mest al þat ic habbe ydon · ys idelnesse and chilce.
Wel late ic habbe me bi þoht · bute me god do milce.
(_Poema Morale_, ll. 1-4, 7, 8. In Zupitza's _Alt-und Mittelenglisches
Übungsbuch_, p. 58. ab. 1200.)
The _Poema Morale_, evidently one of the most popular poems of the early
Middle English period, seems to be the earliest one of any considerable
length in which end-rime was used regularly.
For other early examples of rime introduced into English under foreign
influence, see above, in the section on the Stanza.
_Double and triple rime._
To our theme.--The man who has stood on the Acropolis,
And looked down over Attica; or he
Who has sailed where picturesque Constantinople is,
Or seen Timbuctoo, or hath taken tea
In small-eyed China's crockery-ware metropolis,
Or sat amidst the bricks of Nineveh,
May not think much of London's first appearance--
But ask him what he thinks of it a year hence?
(BYRON: _Don Juan_, canto xi. st. vii.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account