[71] “Rolls of Parliament,” vol. iii. p. 598; 7 and 8 Henry IV. In the same way as for bridges, taxes were sometimes levied but misapplied. See, in C. T. Flower, “Public Works in Mediæval Law,” 1905, i. p. 25, how William Caldecote of Aylesbury had been duly authorized to levy a tax of one penny or one half-penny on carts of various sorts, and one farthing on “every horse carrying goods for sale that should pass along Walton street which leads from Walton to Aylesbury for the maintenance of the said road, and that whereas the said William so received in 11 Rich. II over and above the sum spent on the repair of the road 24s. which remain in his hands, the road is flooded and dangerous by his default.” [72] Grandson and great-grandson of the two Despensers who had been executed in 1326 by order of Queen Isabella, their estates being confiscated. [73] Ed. Siméon Luce, vol. i. p. 257. [74] Royal Itineraries show, for instance, that in the 28th year of his reign, Edward I changed seventy-five times his place of abode, that is about three times each fortnight. “Liber quotidianus Garderobæ,” London, 1787, p. lxvii. [75] McKechnie, “Magna Carta,” 1905, p. 357. [76] “Chronica monasterii de Melsa,” ed. E. A. Bond; Rolls Series, 1868, London, vol. iii. preface, p. xv. [77] Patent Roll, 27 Edward III, in Rymer (ed. 1708), vol. v. p. 774. See as to the repair of this same road in 1314, thirty-nine years earlier, “Rolls of Parliament,” vol. i. p. 302 _b_. [78] Riley’s “Memorials of London,” London, 1868, p. 291. [79] Ordonance of March 1, 1388, “Recueil d’Isambert,” vol. vi. p. 665. On the state of roads and bridges and on travelling in France, see d’Avenel, “L’Évolution des Moyens de Transport,” Paris, 1919. [80] “Rolls of Parliament,” ii. p. 107. [81] See frontispiece of this volume, and p. 14. [82] To give shelter (“tego,” I shelter, in the enumeration devised by St. Thomas Aquinas) was one of the seven “Works of Charity.” In the evening prayers at home, in my childhood, part of which had been handed down from remote times, travellers were still remembered, as well as those who had been “bitten by venomous beasts.” [83] See representations of these carts in the manuscripts of the fourteenth century, and especially in MS. Roy., 10 E. IV, in the British Museum, fol. 63, 94, 110, &c., and in the Louterell psalter. We give above a facsimile of one of them, and further a representation of a reaper’s cart from the Louterell psalter. See also Bodl. MS. 264, fos. 42, 84, 103, 110. [84] Thorold Rogers, “History of Agriculture and Prices,” i. pp. 650–661. [85] “Statutes of the Realm,” 4 Edward III, ch. 3. Eight bushels make a quarter. [The Act 25 Edward III, stat. 5, ch. 10, A.D. 1351, provided that every measure of corn should be striken without heap, and that the royal purveyors should use this measure. Hence the name _strike_ for a bushel. L. T. S.] [86] Statute 36 Edward III, stat. 1, ch. 2. [87] See several texts in Appendix V. p. 430.