Epic and Romance: Essays on Medieval LiteratureKer, W. P. (William Paton)
History
Epic and Romance: Essays on Medieval Literature
Ker, W. P. (William Paton)
Epic poetry -- History and criticism; Literature, Medieval -- History and criticism; Romances -- History and criticism
After the gap in the manuscript there are various poems of Brynhild
and Gudrun, in which different views of the story are taken, and in
all of them the tragic contradiction is extreme: in Brynhild's
vengeance on Sigurd, in Gudrun's lament for her husband slain by her
brothers, and in the later fortunes of Gudrun. In some of these poems
the tragedy becomes lyrical, and two kinds of imagination, epic and
elegiac, are found in harmony.
The story of Helgi and Sigrun displays this rivalry of moods--a tragic
story, carried beyond the tragic stress into the mournful quiet of the
shadows.
Helgi is called upon by Sigrun to help her against Hodbrodd, and save
her from a hateful marriage. Helgi kills Hodbrodd, and wins Sigrun;
but he has also killed Sigrun's father Hogni and her elder brother.
The younger brother Dag takes an oath to put away enmity, but breaks
his oath and kills Helgi.
It is a story like all the others in which there is a conflict of
duties, between friendship and the duty of vengeance, a plot of the
same kind as that of Froda and Ingeld. Sigrun's brother is tried in
the same way as Ingeld in the story told by Saxo and mentioned in
_Beowulf_. But it does not end with the death of Helgi. Sigrun looks
for Helgi to come back in the hour of the "Assembly of Dreams," and
Helgi comes and calls her, and she follows him:--
"Thy hair is thick with rime, thou art wet with the dew of
death, thy hands are cold and dank."
"It is thine own doing, Sigrun from Sevafell, that Helgi is
drenched with deadly dew; thou weepest cruel tears, thou
gold-dight, sunbright lady of the South, before thou goest
to sleep; every one of them falls with blood, wet and chill,
upon my breast. Yet precious are the draughts that are
poured for us, though we have lost both love and land, and
no man shall sing a song of lamentation though he see the
wounds on my breast, for kings' daughters have come among
the dead."
"I have made thee a bed, Helgi, a painless bed, thou son of
the Wolfings. I shall sleep in thine arms, O king, as I
should if thou wert alive."
This is something different from epic or tragedy, but it does not
interfere with the tragedy of which it is the end.
The poem of the _Waking of Angantyr_ is so filled with mystery and
terror that it is hard to find in it anything else. After the
_Volospá_ it is the most wonderful of all the Northern poems.
Hervor, daughter of Angantyr, is left alone to avenge her father and
her eleven brothers, killed by Arrow Odd before her birth. In her
father's grave is the sword of the Dwarfs that never is drawn in vain,
and she comes to his grave to find it. The island where he lies is
full of death-fires, and the dead are astir, but Hervor goes on. She
calls on her father and her brothers to help her:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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