Epic and Romance: Essays on Medieval LiteratureKer, W. P. (William Paton)
History
Epic and Romance: Essays on Medieval Literature
Ker, W. P. (William Paton)
Epic poetry -- History and criticism; Literature, Medieval -- History and criticism; Romances -- History and criticism
_Finnesburh_, being incomplete at the beginning and end, is not good
evidence. What remains of it presents a single adventure, the fight in
the hall between Danes and Frisians. There is another version of the
story of _Finnesburh_, which, as reported in _Beowulf_ (ll. 1068-1154)
gives a good deal more of the story than is given in the separate
_Finnesburh Lay_. This episode in _Beowulf_, where a poem of
_Finnesburh_ is chanted by the Danish minstrel, is not to be taken as
contributing another independent poem to the scanty stock; the
minstrel's story is reported, not quoted at full length. It has been
reduced by the poet of _Beowulf_, so as not to take up too large a
place of its own in the composition. Such as it is, it may very well
count as direct evidence of the way in which epic poems were produced
and set before an audience; and it may prove that it was possible for
an old English epic to deal with almost the whole of a tragic history
in one sitting. In this case the tragedy is far less complex than the
tale of the Niblungs, whatever interpretation may be given to the
obscure allusions in which it is preserved.
Finn, son of Folcwalda, king of the Frisians, entertained Hnæf the
Dane, along with the Danish warriors, in the castle of Finnesburh.
There, for reasons of his own, he attacked the Danes; who kept the
hall against him, losing their own leader Hnæf, but making a great
slaughter of the Frisians.
The _Beowulf_ episode takes up the story at this point.
Hnæf was slain in the place of blood. His sister Hildeburg, Finn's
wife, had to mourn for brother and son.
Hengest succeeded Hnæf in command of the Danes and still kept the hall
against the Frisians. Finn was compelled to make terms with the Danes.
Hengest and his men were to live among the Frisians with a place of
their own, and share alike with Finn's household in all the gifts of
the king. Finn bound himself by an oath that Hengest and his men
should be free of blame and reproach, and that he would hold any
Frisian guilty who should cast it up against the Danes that they had
followed their lord's slayer.[19] Then, after the oaths, was held the
funeral of the Danish and the Frisian prince, brother and son of
Hildeburg the queen.
[Footnote 19: Compare _Cynewulf and Cyneheard_ in the Chronicle (A.D.
755); also the outbreak of enmity, through recollection of old wrongs,
in the stories of Alboin, and of the vengeance for Froda (_supra_, pp.
68-70).]
Then they went home to Friesland, where Hengest stayed with Finn
through the winter. With the spring he set out, meaning vengeance; but
he dissembled and rendered homage, and accepted the sword the lord
gives his liegeman. Death came upon Finn in his house; for the Danes
came back and slew him, and the hall was made red with the Frisian
blood. The Danes took Hildeburg and the treasure of Finn and carried
the queen and the treasure to Denmark.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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