Epidemic Respiratory Disease: The pneumonias and other infections of the repiratory tract accompanying influenza and measlesOpie, Eugene L. (Eugene Lindsay)
History
Epidemic Respiratory Disease: The pneumonias and other infections of the repiratory tract accompanying influenza and measles
Within the individual wards for treatment of measles and measles
pneumonias, precautions for minimizing the dangers of contact infections
were carried out as well as possible. Throughout the study we had the
hearty cooperation of the base hospital authorities and earnest,
well-directed effort to perfect ward management on the part of the ward
surgeons and their staffs. Difficulties encountered during the emergency
created by the sudden explosion of the influenza epidemic, in spite of
the best efforts of all, did much to disrupt the plan which had been
instituted for the control and study of the complications of measles.
Scarcely had wards been designated and all measles patients on hand
differentially allotted to them, when the influenza epidemic appeared
and quickly filled the hospital beyond its capacity. Measles wards were
taken over for the care of influenza patients. Measles patients, of
which there were not a great number at the time, were necessarily
crowded together, so that compartments of wards instead of separate
wards had to be used in maintaining our separation of the two groups of
patients. While the base hospital was yet filled with patients with
influenza and influenza pneumonia, admission of patients with measles
increased, so that one ward after another was reclaimed for the care of
this disease. During this period the measles wards were at times
overcrowded and the strictest ward technic could not be practiced. Again
new wards were, on occasions, partly filled by admission and transfer
before they were properly equipped to receive patients. This
disorganization was directly due to the necessity of treating a rapidly
increasing number of measles patients before the hospital was cleared of
patients with influenza and pneumonia. After this emergency, the system
of ward management was rapidly readjusted, and admissions were limited
to the normal capacities of the wards.
The cubicle system was used in all wards. Bed patients were not required
to wear masks, but the mask was strictly enforced upon all patients
leaving the cubicle. All attendants were required to wear gowns, caps
and masks while in the wards. An attempt was made to prevent the
congregating of convalescents. Guards were posted at the latrine doors
to limit admission to the capacity of the latrine. Borrowing and lending
of any materials between patients were strictly forbidden. Paper sputum
cups were provided, kept clean and covered. In the measles pneumonia
wards hand disinfectant solutions were provided for use by attendants
when they passed from one patient to another. The ward floors were
scrubbed at intervals with lysol in water. Dry sweeping of the wards in
the morning is regrettable.
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