_No. patients._ _No. deaths._ July (1854) 449 285 August 938 611 September 1,232 575 October 445 273 In September the scene of the war was transferred to the Crimea, but there again cholera raged furiously in both armies; in the winter of 1854–5, to be sure, it carried away a relatively small number of men, but in the summer of 1855 it broke out anew with great severity. The total number of deaths in the French army during the entire campaign was 12,467, in the English army 4,513, and in the Piedmontese army 1,230. The size of the armies varied greatly; the French army was largest in the latter part of the year 1855, when it numbered 145,000 men; the total number of English soldiers was 97,864, and that of Piedmontese soldiers, 21,000. According to Häsar,[200] cholera spread far and wide from the scene of the war—throughout Turkey, around the Black Sea, in Greece, in Smyrna, along the coast of the Dardanelles, in Constantinople, Odessa, Rumelia, and in the Danube principalities; the inhabitants of the district of Dobrudja also suffered severely from the pestilence, which after the war spread over a large part of Russia. Scurvy also raged in the French army in the dry summer of the year 1855, as well as in the severe winter following. In August 1855 there were 2,581 scurvy patients in the army, which was the largest number in the summer months, and in February there were 4,341, the largest number in the winter months. The outbreak of scurvy among the English troops, who also suffered from the disease in the winter of 1854–5, was later checked by the consumption of better food. Dysentery was also very common: 6,105 French soldiers suffering from that disease in the Crimea were taken to the field-lazarets; 2,061 died there, and 2,792 were removed to Constantinople. No less than 7,883 English soldiers contracted acute and chronic dysentery, and 2,143 succumbed to it. As early as the winter of 1854–5 a small number of cases of typhus fever occurred among the French and English soldiers; but not until the winter of 1855–6, between the months of December and March, did the disease become very widespread in the French army in consequence of unfavourable living conditions; the English army, on the other hand, scarcely suffered at all during that winter. Scrive and Chenu publish the following statistics relating to the French army in the field-lazarets of the Crimea: