_Months._ _Size of _Typhus _Taken to _No. army._ fever Constantinople._ deaths._ patients._ December (1855) 145,120 734 204 323 January (1856) 144,512 1,523 320 464 February 132,800 3,402 925 1,435 March 121,000 3,457 1,140 1,830 April 105,000 237 101 May 67,000 38 17 According to Scrive, 11,124 typhus-fever patients, all told, were taken into the field-lazarets of the Crimea between September 1854 and July 1856; of these, 3,840 were removed to Constantinople, and 6,018 died in the field-lazarets.[201] But Scrive says that this number of typhus-fever patients is too small; it must have been increased by the number of persons who contracted the disease in the field-lazarets and hospitals, 4,502 of whom succumbed to it, and the number who contracted and succumbed to it in Constantinople and France, making 7,000 all told. According to Scrive, therefore, the total number of deaths due to typhus fever in the French army was no less than 17,515, from which he assumes that at least 35,000 men contracted the disease.[202] In the English army typhus fever appeared only sporadically in the winter of 1855–6; according to Chenu, 167 men contracted the disease and 62 succumbed to it.[203] Among the Russian troops typhus fever raged furiously,[204] and according to A. Hirsch it was also very widespread in southern Russia.[205] In Constantinople, typhus fever, although it infected numerous persons in the military hospitals, apparently did not spread to the civil population. Baudens, who after the capture of Sebastopol came to the Orient, says expressly that the inhabitants of Constantinople were spared by the epidemic during its entire course.[206] According to Murchison, typhus fever was borne by English troops to English soil, where in the years 1856–7 it caused epidemics in various parts of the country. The following table indicates the number of typhus-fever patients taken into the Fever Hospital in London: 1854 337 1855 342 1856 1,062 1857 274 1858 15 The increased number in London was not due to the fact that the disease was brought over from Ireland, since there were only fifty-three Irishmen among the patients, and only two of them had been in the city less than three months. On the other hand, the warlike events caused a famine, resulting in much misery among the poor, and this favoured the further dissemination of the disease.[207]