The immediate vicinity of the places in which all these French prisoners suffering from typhoid fever were confined was necessarily unsafe to live in; and while the epidemics that were brought about by people contracting the disease there and conveying it abroad were always kept localized, they were by no means confined to the very narrow limits indicated, on the basis of scattered communications, in the German Health Report. The reason for this moderate dissemination is clear; at that time typhoid fever was rendered much less prevalent throughout Germany by the introduction of extensive sanitary measures (sewers, aqueducts, refuse removal, &c.), which prevented the disease from constantly spreading from place to place. In Frankfurt-on-the-Main the mortality due to typhoid fever was not increased; the number of deaths per 10,000 inhabitants was: 1867 4·3 1868 7·1 1869 4·2 1870 5·8 1871 5·8 1872 6·1 In many cities, on the other hand, an increased number of deaths due to typhoid fever was observed; whether this was attributable to a transplantation of it from France, or to a spontaneous outbreak of it among the many people in these cities who already had the germ in their systems, it is impossible to ascertain. From the statistics we are scarcely ever able to make out the proportion of soldiers and civilians that died. The number of deaths due to typhoid fever per 10,000 inhabitants was: _Berlin._ _Munich._ _Elberfeld._ _Strassburg._ _Erfurt._ _Plauen._ [242] 1867 6·9 6·0 8·1 8·5 10·6 2·4 1868 10·0 8·0 5·3 9·0 9·4 3·3 1869 6·7 13·0 5·3 9·6 6·7 1870 7·8 14·0 9·3 17·8 21·8 1871 8·9 14·0 9·4 14·2 33·1 2·5 1872 13·9 24·0 8·8 7·8 5·3 4·9