In the case of Strassburg the increase caused by the war is clear; of the civil inhabitants alone, 74 died in the year 1869, 137 in the year 1870, and 110 in the year 1871. In the case of Elberfeld the increase began in the year 1870. In Munich the increase began as early as the year 1869, although the very high mortality did not commence until 1872, as in Berlin; in these two cases the increase cannot be said to have been caused by the war. The same is true of Plauen, where the increase also began in 1869. In the case of Erfurt, unfortunately no statistics are available for the year 1870; in the year 1871 the increase there is very marked. To be sure, it is not expressly stated that prisoners of war are excluded, but as they were not included in the total mortality, or in that due to small-pox, we may safely assume that they were excluded in the case of typhoid fever.[243] A marked increase in the prevalence of typhoid fever is to be noted in the stronghold of Ulm on the occasion of the arrival there of numerous prisoners from France; the following table indicates the number of people who succumbed to the disease in that city:[244] _Garrison._ _Prisoners._ _Civil population._ 1867 10 25 1868 3 8 1869 4 7 1870 10 150 15 1871 15 25 28 1872 6 20 1873 2 5 Since in the case of typhoid fever it is very often impossible to trace the source of infection, it is not surprising that in many instances it is difficult to prove that the disease broke out in any specific locality in consequence of the arrival there of a person, or group of persons, from an infected locality. This applies, for instance, to the epidemic of typhoid fever that occurred in Meiningen in the year 1871. In many places the disease, being prevalent among the prisoners detained there, undoubtedly spread to the civil population, but nowhere did this occur to such an extent as to attract the attention of the authorities.