Studies of the causes of warfare will reveal, in particular, those economic influences which in time of peace bring about clashing interests and mutual suspicion and hostility. They will, it is believed, show what policies, as adopted by different nations, will reduce the conflicts of interest, inure to the common benefit, and afford a basis for international confidence and good will. They will further reveal the natural economic influences which of themselves bring about more and more harmonious relations and tend to substitute general benefits for the mutual injuries that follow unintelligent self-seeking. Economic internationalism needs to be fortified by the mutual trust that just dealing creates; but just conduct itself may be favoured by economic conditions. These, in turn, may be created partly by a natural evolution and partly by the conscious action of governments; and both evolution and public action are among the important subjects of investigation. An appeal to reason is in order when excited feelings render armed conflicts imminent; but it is quite as surely called for when no excitement exists and when it may be forestalled and prevented from developing by sound national policies. To furnish a scientific basis for reasonable international policies is the purpose of some of the studies already in progress and of more that will hereafter be undertaken. The publications of the Division of Economics and History are under the direction of a Committee of Research, the membership of which includes the statesmen, publicists, and economists who participated in the Conference at Berne in 1911, and two who have since been added. The list of members at present is as follows: EUGÈNE BOREL, Professor of Public and International Law in the University of Geneva. LUJO BRENTANO, Professor of Economics in the University of Munich; Member of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. CHARLES GIDE, Professor of Comparative Social Economics in the University of Paris. H. B. GREVEN, Professor of Political Economy and Statistics in the University of Leiden. FRANCIS W. HIRST, Editor of _The Economist_, London. DAVID KINLEY, Vice-President of the University of Illinois. HENRI LA FONTAINE, Senator of Belgium. His Excellency LUIGI LUZZATTI, Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Rome; Secretary of the Treasury, 1891–3; Prime Minister of Italy, 1908–11. GOTARO OGAWA, Professor of Finance at the University of Kioto, Japan. Sir GEORGE PAISH, Joint Editor of _The Statist_, London. MAFFEO PANTALEONI, Professor of Political Economy in the University of Rome. EUGEN PHILIPPOVICH VON PHILIPPSBERG, Professor of Political Economy in the University of Vienna; Member of the Austrian Herrenhaus, Hofrat. PAUL S. REINSCH, United States Minister to China. His Excellency BARON Y. SAKATANI, recently Minister of Finance; Present Mayor of Tokio. THEODOR SCHIEMANN, Professor of the History of Eastern Europe in the University of Berlin.