[9] William Laud (1573-1645), Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633, was one of the principal advisers of Charles I. in his repression of the Puritans and the enforcement of episcopacy upon Scotland. He was attainted in January 1645, and was executed on Tower Hill. [10] In the _Edinburgh Review_ these sentences follow: “It is to put the effect before the cause. It is to vindicate oppression by pointing to the depravation which oppression has caused.” Macaulay felt, no doubt, that the word “depravation” was unjust, and conveyed an unintended stigma. [11] Gaspard de Coligni was a Huguenot victim of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, in 1572. Sir Henry Vane was a leader in the Opposition against Charles I., and was executed in 1662. [12] The answer given by the lay barons at the Parliament of Merton in 1236 to the proposal of the prelates to make the English law of legitimacy correspond with that of other countries. Sir James H. Ramsay, _The Dawn of the Constitution_, pp. 77, 78, following the text of the Statutes of the Realm, reads _mutare_ in the active, instead of _mutari_ in the passive. [13] The argument is lengthily and moderately stated in a _Times_ leader for May 3, 1830. [14] This passage confirms what is said in the Introduction as to Macaulay’s personal familiarity with synagogue usages. [15] Matthew xxvi. 24. [16] Deuteronomy xxviii. 48, 66, 32. [17] Luke x. 29. “Love thy neighbour as thyself” is from Leviticus xix. 18. [18] In its issue of April 3, 1830, the newspaper _John Bull_ (which bore on its title-page the legend, “For God, the King, and the People”) published a violent attack on Mr. Grant’s Bill. The article took the form of a sarcastic plea for the emancipation of the gipsies. There was a further attack on April 25, and on May 23 the same paper, while rejoicing at the rejection of Mr. Grant’s “romantic and un-Christian Bill,” expressed its dissatisfaction with the speeches of the opponents of Jewish emancipation. They were altogether too conciliatory and tolerant to please _John Bull_. [19] Sir Robert Inglis (1786-1855) entered Parliament in 1824. He opposed the various Catholic Relief Bills and the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts. Sir Robert Peel had supported the Catholic claims, and Inglis thereupon successfully opposed him (1829) as candidate for the University of Oxford. Inglis continued to represent the University until his withdrawal from parliamentary life. He persistently opposed the Jewish emancipation. “Inglis was an old-fashioned Tory, a strong Churchman, with many prejudices and no great ability” (_Dictionary of National Biography_). [20] Sir James Mackintosh (1765-1832) supported Grant’s first resolution in 1830; in the interim he had died. Mackintosh, who entered the House in 1813, enjoyed much reputation as a philosopher.