not otherwise; easily managed with the labouring, but as difficult with a higher, class of patients The danger of irritation, illustrated by a case 83 The contrary system of soothing, illustrated by a case 84 Further remarks and quotations on this subject 86 The talents and sacrifices all this requires, and their 89 influence, Notwithstanding all this apparent extra trouble, it is, 100 when done from right motives, the safest and easiest in the end That these views are based on the firm ground of Christian 108 philosophy CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. EXPLANATION of the object of this Appendix; which is, by 111 giving a correct description of the state and character of a fair average number of old insane cases, to counteract the usual misconceptions and prejudices existing against them Case No. 1.—His eccentricity, and exaggeration of his 113 natural character and that of his family. Has seasons of excitement Observation 1st.—That the fluctuations of the animal 115 spirits of the old insane often depend on causes which equally act on the sane; but, that from differences of state and circumstances, the effects are very different Case No. 2.—Though in a very torpid state, yet he has (as 116 every case has) his distinguishing peculiarities _Illustrated by a Portrait_ 116 Observation 2nd.—That mind is a garden which we must 116 cultivate—a fire which requires stirring and feeding Case No. 3.—An example, which indeed every one is, more or 118 less, of the correspondence, as far as the remnants of mind exist, between his present and original character and organization. His habits of employment, and its happy influence _Illustrated by a Portrait_ 118 Observation 3rd.—On the use of employment, and its easy 119 application Case No. 4.—That of an idiot. Odd displays of an increase 120 of animation _Illustrated by a Portrait_ 120 Case No. 5.—Torpid lethargy. His natural character amiable 121 Case No. 6.—Though in a very singularly deranged state, 122 evinced by the most extravagant fancies and exploits, which he delights to detail to every one, yet he is constantly employed, useful, and happy _Illustrated by a Portrait_ 122 Observation 4th.—The explanation of the peculiarity of his 124 character, proves that, in all cases, truth should never be violated in our conduct towards them Case No. 7.—A very singular case of periodical violence and 125 sleep. His habit of gyration described Observation 5th.—His habit of gyration explained. How far 127 the generally alternate states of excitement and depression of the insane is the return of their primary disease, or