"3. Visual images, whether following upon the psychic image or through the intermediation of a programme. "Under what condition, in a symphonic work, is the visual image, introduced by the psychic image, produced? In the event of a break in the melodic web (see my _Psychologie dans l'Opera_, pp. 119-120). Here are given, without orderly arrangement, some of the ideas that have come to me: "Beethoven's _symphony in C major_ appears to me purely musical--it is of a sonorous design. The _symphony in D major_ (the second) suggests to me visual-motor images--I set a ballet to the first part and keep track altogether of the ballet that I picture. The _Heroic Symphony_ (aside from the funeral march, the meaning of which is indicated in the title) suggests to me images of a military character, ever since the time that I noticed that the fundamental theme of the first portion is based on notes of perfect harmony--trumpet-notes and, by association, military. The _finale_ of this symphony, which I consider superior to other parts, does not cause me to see anything. _Symphony in B flat major_--I see nothing there--this may be said without qualification. _Symphony in C minor_--it is dramatic, although the melodic web is never broken. The first part suggests the image, not of Fate knocking at the gate, as Beethoven said, but of a soul overcome with the crises of revolt, accompanied by a hope of victory. Visual images do not come except as brought by psychic images." F. G., a musician, always sees--that is the rule, notably in the _Pastoral_, and in the _Heroic Symphony_. In Bach's _Passion_ he beholds the scene of the mystic lamb. A composer writes me: "When I compose or play music of my own composition I behold dancing figures; I see an orchestra, an audience, etc. When I listen to or play music by another composer I do not see anything." This communication also mentions three other musicians who see nothing. 2. D......, so little of a musician that I had some trouble to make him understand the term "symphonic music," never goes to concerts. However, he went once, fifteen years ago, and there remains in his memory very clearly the principal phrase of a minuet (he hums it)--he cannot recall it without seeing people dancing a minuet. M. O. L...... has been kind enough to question in my behalf sixteen non-musical persons. Here are the results of his inquiry: Eight see curved lines. Three see images, figures springing in the air, fantastic designs. Two see the waves of the ocean. Three do not see anything. FOOTNOTES: [165] See Part Three, Chapter II. [166] _Ibid._, IV. APPENDIX E THE IMAGINATIVE TYPE AND ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS[167]