Of the Formation of Downs, 28 Of the Formation of Cliffs, or Steep Shores, 29 Depositions formed in Water, 30 Of Stalactites, 31 Of Lithophytes, 32 Of Incrustations, 32 Of Volcanoes, 34 Constant Astronomical Causes, 36 Older Systems of Geologists, 38 More Recent Systems, 41 Diversities of all the Systems, 44 Causes of these Differences, 46 Nature and Condition of the Problem, 46 Progress of Mineral Geology, 49 Importance of Fossil Remains in Geology, 51 High importance of the Fossil Bones of Quadrupeds, 53 Small probability of discovering new Species of large Quadrupeds, 56 Inquiry respecting the Fabulous Animals of the Ancients, 69 Difficulty of determining the Fossil Bones of Quadrupeds, 82 Principle by which this determination is effected, 83 View of the general Results of these Researches, 94 Relations of the Species of Fossil Animals, with the Strata in which they are found, 95 Proofs that the extinct Species of Quadrupeds are not Varieties of the presently existing Species, 102 Proofs that there are no Fossil Human Bones, 114 Physical Proofs of the Newness of the present Continents, 121 Additions of Land by the action of Rivers, 123 Progress of Downs, 133 Peat-mosses and Slips, 135 The History of Nations confirms the Newness of the Continents, 137 The very remote Antiquity attributed to certain Nations is not supported by History, 149 The Astronomical Monuments left by the Ancients do not bear the excessively remote Dates which have been attributed to them, 201 Table of the Extent of the Zodiacal Constellations, as they are designed upon our Globes, and of the Times required by the Colures to traverse them, 212 Construction and Use of the Table, 216 The Zodiac is far from bearing in itself a certain and excessively remote date, 230 Exaggerations relative to the Antiquity of certain Mining Operations, 238 General Conclusion relative to the Period of the last Revolution, 239 Further Researches to be made in Geology, 240 Recapitulation of the Observations upon the Succession of the Tertiary Formations, 243 Table of Geological Formations in the Order of their Superposition; by M. A. de Humboldt, 249 Enumeration of the Fossil Animals recognized by the Author, 253