Essays in medical sociology, Volume 2 (of 2)Blackwell, Elizabeth
Science
Essays in medical sociology, Volume 2 (of 2)
Blackwell, Elizabeth
Prostitution; Sexual ethics; Social medicine
What may be termed the balance of power or just distribution of force
in the various parts of our physical and mental nature--according
to each individual type--is essential to the perfection of the
organization--it is, indeed, the measure of health. It is attained and
preserved by the due exercise of all the functions of our nature. In
ascertaining what is this due exercise, we observe that the different
functions of the human being are subject to varying laws of constant
or occasional action. The higher the object of a function, the wider
is its scope, the longer are the intervals of rest required, and
the more direct is its subjection to reason; it is taken from under
the control of the automatic vegetative life of the body and placed
under the direction of the central authority--Reason--Conscience.
Thus, we see the lungs, whose sole object is the physical life of the
individual, breathing day and night unceasingly, with alternate rest
and action every moment. The digestive apparatus, with longer intervals
of rest and a wider range of objects, connected with the preparation
and enjoyment of food. The senses, with their great use both to the
individual and to society, locked in slumber every night. Thus, step by
step, the plan rises to the highest functions of human nature--those
which concern the race--which, above all others, are under the dominion
of reason, and not subject to that law of constant action which
controls the lower functions.
Equally interesting is that law of our nature which determines growth
by exercise. It is a fact clearly demonstrated by modern science that
the governing organ of the human body, the brain, has distinct portions
of its structure devoted to the service of distinct faculties of the
mind. Thus the intellectual, the emotional, and the locomotive powers
work through corresponding portions of the highly organized brain.
Each faculty grows by exercise. Not only does the mental faculty
become stronger by use, but its physical organ of expression in the
brain, with its dependencies in the rest of the body, become larger
and stronger with a richer supply of blood and greater aptitude for
instantaneous action. This condition of the physical organ reacts upon
the mind, which takes greater pleasure in acting in a certain direction
when it finds the brain so keenly responsive to its impulses. If the
proper distribution of force is disturbed in any individual by the
neglect to exercise important portions of our nature, an antagonism of
faculties springs up, one part growing at the expense of another part.
Thus the emotional may destroy the intellectual life in an individual
who is subjected to undue excitement of the passions, particularly if
the type of the nature is not largely emotional. The other faculties
will rapidly lose their power. The intellect suffers, judgment is
lost, and mental confusion produced, which is really a species of
insanity. Those organs of the body, also, which are most intimately
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