Essays In Pastoral MedicineWalsh, James J. (James Joseph)
Religion
Essays In Pastoral Medicine
Walsh, James J. (James Joseph)
First aid in illness and injury; Medicine
The common form of extrauterine pregnancy is the Tubal Pregnancy. The
ovum may be stopped in any one of the three parts of the tube, and we
find Interstitial, Isthmic, or Ampullar Pregnancy. From these primary
types, by rupture, secondary forms sometimes arise,--Tubo-abdominal,
Tubo-ovarian, and Broad-ligament Pregnancy.
The interstitial form, that is, where the ovum is arrested in that
part of the tube which passes through the wall of the uterus itself,
is the rarest of the tubal pregnancies. Rosenthal (_Ein Fall
intranturaler Schwangerschaft. Centralbl. f. Gyn._ 1297-1305) found it
in only three per centum of 1324 cases of tubal pregnancy. Some deem
the Isthmic variety the commonest. Dr. Howard Kelly (_Operative
Gynaecology_) says he never met a case of Interstitial or Ovarian
pregnancy in his practice. The interstitial form is especially liable
to rupture with suddenly fatal hemorrhage.
About one-fourth of the cases of tubal pregnancy end within the first
twelve weeks by rupture of the Fallopian tube. If the embryo is
implanted in the interstitial end of the tube, the rupture (into the
uterus, or into the abdominal cavity, or into the broad ligament)
takes place later,--about the fourth month, or even considerably after
that time. The reason for {6} the delay here is that the uterus grows
with the foetus. If the foetus breaks into the uterus (a very rare
occurrence), it is either expelled through the vagina almost
immediately or it goes on like a normal pregnancy.
Tait was of the opinion that every case of tubal pregnancy results in
a rupture of the tube not later than the twelfth week, but this
opinion is no longer held. Very rarely a tubal pregnancy goes on
without rupture to full term, as in the cases reported by Williams,
Saxtorph, Spiegelberg, Chiari, and a few others.
Three-fourths, about seventy-eight per centum, of the cases of tubal
pregnancy result in what is technically called "tubal abortion"
instead of rupture. In tubal abortion the connection between the
embryo and the tube-wall is broken by effusion of blood. If the
separation is complete the effused blood pushes the embryo out through
the fimbriated end of the tube into the abdominal cavity, and then the
hemorrhage of the mother commonly ceases. Such an extrusion of the
foetus is called a complete tubal abortion. If the connection between
the foetus and the tube-wall is only partly severed, the ovum remains
in the tube, and the maternal hemorrhage goes on. This is called
incomplete tubal abortion.
In incomplete tubal abortion the maternal blood may slowly trickle
from the fimbriated extremity of the tube into the abdominal cavity,
become encapsulated, and thus form an haematocele. If the fimbriated
extremity of the tube is blocked, the blood accumulates in the tube
and makes an haematosalpynx.
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