physicians of his time, viewed with foreboding his resolve to go to the front, for "Wherever he was he had to be in the game," they said; and a few weeks later he was killed at Gallipoli on the threshold of his career. The qualities that count in peace are the qualities that count in war, and the high-spirited man who throws himself bravely into the dangerous adventures of peace is fully the equal of the hero of the battlefield, and himself prepared to become that hero.[9] It would seem, therefore, on the whole, that when the eugenist takes a wide survey of this question, he need not qualify his disapproval of war by any regrets over the loss of such virtues as warfare fosters. In every progressive civilisation the moral equivalents of war are already in full play. Peace, as well as war, "develops the noblest attributes of man"; peace, rather than war, preserves the human sea from putrescence; it is the condemnation of peace, rather than the condemnation of war, which is not only absurd but immoral. We are not called upon to choose between the manly virtues of war and the effeminate degeneracy of peace. The Great War of to-day may perhaps help us to realise that the choice placed before us is of another sort. The virtues of daring and endurance will never fail in any vitally progressive community of men, alike in the causes of war and of peace.[10] But on the one hand we find those virtues at work in the service of humanity, creating ever new marvels of science and of art, adding to the store of the precious heirlooms of the race which are a joy to all mankind. On the other hand, we see these same virtues in the service of savagery, extinguishing those marvels, killing their creators, and destroying every precious treasure of mankind within reach. That--it seems to be one of the chief lessons of this war--is the choice placed before us who are to-day called upon to build the world of the future on a firmer foundation than our own world has been set. [1] D.S. Jordan, _War and the Breed_, 1915; also articles on "War and Manhood" in the _Eugenics Review_, July, 1910, and on "The Eugenics of War" in the same Review for Oct., 1913. [2] J. Arthur Thomson, "Eugenics and War," _Eugenics Review_, April, 1915. Major Leonard Darwin (_Journal Royal Statistical Society_, March, 1916) sets forth a similar view. [3] It is true that in the Gourdon cavern, in the Pyrenees, representing a very late and highly developed stage of Magdalenian culture, there are indications that human brains were eaten (Zaborowski, _L'Homme Prehistorique_, p. 86). It is surmised that they were the brains of enemies killed in battle, but this remains a surmise. [4] Zaborowski, _L'Homme Prehistorique_, pp. 121, 139; Lapouge, _Les Selections Sociales_, p. 209. [5] _Revue d'Anthropologie_, 1876, pp. 608 and 655.