THE ensuing essay concerning the growth of the city of London was entitled “Another Essay,” intimating that some other essay had preceded it, which was not to be found. I having been much importuned for that precedent essay, have found that the same was about the growth, increase, and multiplication of mankind, which subject should in order of nature precede that of the growth of the city of London, but am not able to procure the essay itself, only I have obtained from a gentleman, who sometimes corresponded with Sir W. Petty, an extract of a letter from Sir William to him, which I verily believe containeth the scope thereof; wherefore, I must desire the reader to be content therewith, till more can be had. * * * * * _The extract of a letter concerning the scope of an essay intended to precede another essay concerning the growth of the City of London_, _&c._ _An Essay in Political Arithmetic_, _concerning the value and increase of People and Colonies_. THE scope of this essay is concerning people and colonies, and to make way for “Another Essay” concerning the growth of the city of London. I desire in this first essay to give the world some light concerning the numbers of people in England, with Wales, and in Ireland; as also of the number of houses and families wherein they live, and of acres they occupy. 2. How many live upon their lands, how many upon their personal estates and commerce, and how many upon art, and labour; how many upon alms, how many upon offices and public employments, and how many as cheats and thieves; how many are impotents, children, and decrepit old men. 3. How many upon the poll-taxes in England, do pay extraordinary rates, and how many at the level. 4. How many men and women are prolific, and how many of each are married or unmarried. 5. What the value of people are in England, and what in Ireland at a medium, both as members of the Church or Commonwealth, or as slaves and servants to one another; with a method how to estimate the same, in any other country or colony. 6. How to compute the value of land in colonies, in comparison to England and Ireland. 7. How 10,000 people in a colony may be planted to the best advantage. 8. A conjecture in what number of years England and Ireland may be fully peopled, as also all America, and lastly the whole habitable earth. 9. What spot of the earth’s globe were fittest for a general and universal emporium, whereby all the people thereof may best enjoy one another’s labours and commodities. 10. Whether the speedy peopling of the earth would make (1) For the good of mankind. (2) To fulfil the revealed will of God. (3) To what prince or State the same would be most advantageous. 11. An exhortation to all thinking men to solve the Scriptures and other good histories, concerning the number of people in all ages of the world, in the great cities thereof, and elsewhere.