The suicide of the heroine was taken almost literally from an event
that happened in January 1872. We learn this by a letter of the
Countess, written on the 10 January in that year: "We have just
learned of a very dramatic story. You remember, at Bibikov's, Anna
Stepanova? Well, this Anna Stepanova was jealous of all the
governesses at Bibikov's house. She displayed her jealousy so much
that finally Bibikov became angry and quarrelled with her; then Anna
Stepanova left him and went to Tula. For three days no one knew where
she was. At last, on the third day, she appeared at Yassenky, at five
o'clock in the afternoon, with a little parcel. At the railway station
she gave the coachman a letter for Bibikov, and gave him a ruble for a
tip. Bibikov would not take the letter, and when the coachman returned
to the station, he learned that Anna Stepanova had thrown herself
under the train and was crushed to death. She had certainly done it
intentionally. The judge came, and they read him the letter. It said:
'You are my murderer: be happy, if assassins can be. If you care to,
you can see my corpse on the rails, at Yassenky.' Leo and Uncle Kostia
have gone to the autopsy."
Most of the prominent characters in the book are taken from life, and
the description of the death of Levin's brother is a recollection of
the time when Tolstoi's own brother died in his arms.
Levin is, of course, Tolstoi himself; and all his eternal doubts and
questionings, his total dissatisfaction and condemnation of artificial
social life in the cities, his spiritual despair, and his final
release from suffering at the magic word of the peasant are strictly
autobiographical. When the muzhik told Levin that one man lived for
his belly, and another for his soul, he became greatly excited, and
eagerly demanded further knowledge of his humble teacher. He was once
more told that man must live according to God--according to truth. His
soul was immediately filled, says Tolstoi, with brilliant light. He
was indeed relieved of his burden, like Christian at the sight of the
Cross. Now Tolstoi's subsequent doctrinal works are all amplifications
of the conversation between Levin and the peasant, which in itself
contains the real significance of the whole novel.
Even "Anna Karenina," with all its titanic power, is not an artistic
model of a story. It contains much superfluous matter, and the
balancing off of the two couples, Levin and Kitty, with Vronsky and
Anna, is too obviously arranged by the author. One Russian critic was
so disgusted with the book that he announced the plan of a
continuation of the novel where Levin was to fall in love with his
cow, and Kitty's resulting jealousy was to be depicted.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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