Essays on the use and limit of the imagination in scienceTyndall, John
Science
Essays on the use and limit of the imagination in science
Tyndall, John
Science
In these phenomena of sound we travel a very little way from downright
sensible experience. Still the imagination is to some extent exercised.
The bodily eye, for example, cannot see the condensations and
rarefactions of the waves of sound. We construct them in thought, and
we believe as firmly in their existence as in that of the air itself.
But now our experience has to be carried into a new region, where a new
use is to be made of it. Having mastered the cause and mechanism of
sound, we desire to know the cause and mechanism of light. We wish to
extend our enquiries from the auditory nerve to the optic nerve. Now
there is in the human intellect a power of expansion--I might almost
call it a power of creation--which is brought into play by the simple
brooding upon facts. The legend of the Spirit brooding over chaos may
have originated in a knowledge of this power. In the case now before us
it has manifested itself by transplanting into space, for the purposes
of light, an adequately modified form of the mechanism of sound. We
know intimately whereon the velocity of sound depends. When we lessen
the density of a medium and preserve its elasticity constant we augment
the velocity. When we heighten the elasticity and keep the density
constant we also augment the velocity. A small density, therefore, and
a great elasticity, are the two things necessary to rapid propagation.
Now light is known to move with the astounding velocity of 185,000
miles a second. How is such a velocity to be obtained? By boldly
diffusing in space a medium of the requisite tenuity and elasticity.
Let us make such a medium our starting point, endowing it with one or
two other necessary qualities; let us handle it in accordance with
strict mechanical laws; give to every step of our deduction the surety
of the syllogism; carry it thus forth from the world of imagination
to the world of sense, and see whether the final outcrop of the
deduction be not the very phenomena of light which ordinary knowledge
and skilled experiment reveal. If in all the multiplied varieties of
these phenomena, including those of the most remote and entangled
description, this fundamental conception always brings us face to face
with the truth; if no contradiction to our deductions from it be found
in external nature, but on all sides agreement and verification; if,
moreover, as in the case of Conical Refraction and in other cases,
it has actually forced upon our attention phenomena which no eye had
previously seen, and which no mind had previously imagined, such a
conception, which never disappoints us, but always lands us on the
solid shores of fact, must, we think, be something more than a mere
figment of the scientific fancy. In forming it that composite and
creative unity in which reason and imagination are together blent,
has, we believe, led us into a world not less real than that of the
senses, and of which the world of sense itself is the suggestion and
justification.
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