ESSAYS, political, economical and philosophical by Benjamin Count of Rumford Knight of the orders of the white eagle, and St. Atanislaus; Chamberlain, Privy Counsellor of State, and Lieutenant-General in the Service of his Most Serene Highness the Elector Palatine, Reigning Duke of Bavaria; Colonel of his Regiment of Artillery, and Commander in Chief of the General Staff of his Army; F.R.S. Acad. R Hiber. Berol. Elec. Boicoe. Palat. et Amer. Soc. VOL. I. Contents Dedication First Essay An account of an Establishment for the Poor at Munich Second Essay On the Fundamental Principles on which General Establishments for the Relief of the Poor may be formed in all Countries. Third Essay Of Food and Particularly of Feeding the Poor. Fourth Essay Of Chimney Fire-places with proposals for improving them to save Fuel; to render dwelling-houses more Comfortable and Salubrious, and effectually to prevent Chimnies from Smoking. Fifth Essay A Short Account of several public institutions lately formed in Bavaria. together with the Appendix to the First Volume. Dedication To his most serene highness THE ELECTOR PALATINE reigning duke of bavaria. etc. etc. etc. SIR, In requesting permission to dedicate to you most Serene Electoral Highness these Essays, I had several important objects in view: I was desirous of showing to the world that I had not presumed to publish an account of public measures and institutions, planned and executed in your Electorial Highness's dominions,--by your orders,--and under your immediate authority and protection, without your leave and approbation. I was also desirous of availing myself of the illustrious name of a Sovereign eminently distinguished by his munificence in promoting useful knowledge, and by his solicitude for the happiness and prosperity of his subjects, to recommend the important objects I have undertaken to investigate, to the attention of the Great,--the Wise,--and the Benevolent. And lastly, I was anxious to have an opportunity of testifying, in a public manner, my gratitude to your most Serene Electoral Highness for all your kindness to me; and more especially for the distinguished honour you have done me by selecting and employing me as an instrument in your hands of doing good. I have the honour to be, with the most profound respect, and with unalterable attachment, SIR, Your Most Serene ELECTORIAL HIGHNESS's Devoted Servant, RUMFORD. London, July, 1st, 1796. CONTENTS of ESSAY I. an ACCOUNT of an ESTABLISHMENT FOR THE POOR AT MUNICH together with A Detail of various Public Measures, connected with that Institution, which have been adopted and carried into effect for putting an End to Mendicity, and introducing Order, and useful Industry, among the more Indigent of the Inhabitants of Bavaria. Introduction CHAPTER. I. Of the prevalence of mendicity in Bavaria at the time when the measures for putting an end to it were adopted.