ON THE MEDIÆVAL AND RENAISSANCE ATTITUDE: Lecky, _History of European Morals_, 3rd ed., 1877; Adams, _Civilization during the Middle Ages_, 1895; Rashdall, _The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages_, 1895; Eicken, _Geschichte und System der mittelalterlichen Weltanschauung_, 1877; Burckhardt, _The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy_, 1892; Draper, _History of the Intellectual Development of Europe_, 1876. ON THE INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL SIDE: Ashley, _English Economic History_; Cunningham, _Western Civilization in Its Economic Aspects_, 1900; and _Growth of English Industry and Commerce_, 3rd ed., 1896-1903; Hobson, _The Evolution of Modern Capitalism_, 1894; Traill, _Social England_, 1894; Rambaud, _Histoire de Civilization Française_, 1897; Held, _Zwei Bücher zur socialen Geschichte Englands_, 1881; Carlyle, _Past and Present_; Ziegler, _Die Geistigen und socialen Strömungen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts_, 1901. ON THE POLITICAL AND JURAL DEVELOPMENT: Hadley, _Freedom and Responsibility in the Evolution of Democratic Government_, 1903; Pollock, _The Expansion of the Common Law_, 1904; Ritchie, _Natural Rights_, 1895; _Darwin and Hegel_, 1893, ch. vii.; Dicey, _Lectures on the Relation of Law and Public Opinion in England during the Nineteenth Century_, 1905. ON THE LITERARY SIDE: Brandes, _The Main Currents in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century_, 1905; Francke, _Social Forces in German Literature_, 1895; Carriere, _Die Kunst im Zusammenhang der Culturentwicklung und die Ideale der Menschheit_, 3rd ed., 1877-86. FOOTNOTES: [84] Fisher, _History of the Christian Church_, p. 227. [85] _Democracy and Social Ethics_, pp. 222-77; _Newer Ideals of Peace_, ch. v. [86] Bryce, _Holy Roman Empire_, p. 367. [87] _Social Forces in German Literature_, p. 93. [88] Pp. 130 f., 136. [89] Tolstoy, _What is Art?_ [90] P. 40. [91] See p. 176. [92] Cunningham, _An Essay on Western Civilization_, pp. 77 ff. [93] The writer is indebted to his colleague Professor Mead for the significance of this for the beginnings of modern science.