Proof.- I call free him who is led solely by reason; he, therefore, who
is born free, and who remains free, has only adequate ideas; therefore
(IV:lxiv.Coroll.) he has no conception of evil, or consequently (good
and evil being correlative) of good. Q.E.D.
Note.- It is evident, from IV:iv., that the hypothesis of this Proposition
is false and inconceivable, except in so far as we look solely to the
nature of man, or rather to God; not in so far as the latter is infinite,
but only in so far as he is the cause of man's existence.
This, and other matters which we have already proved, seem to have
been signifieded by Moses in the history of the first man. For in that
narrative no other power of God is conceived, save that whereby he
created man, that is the power wherewith he provided solely for man's
advantage; it is stated that God forbade man, being free, to eat of the
tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and that, as soon as man should
have eaten of it, he would straightway fear death rather than desire to
live. Further, it is written that when man had found a wife, who was in
entire harmony with his nature, he knew that there could be nothing in
nature which could be more useful to him; but that after he believed the
beasts to be like himself, he straightway began to imitate their emotions
(III:xxvii.), and to lose his freedom; this freedom was afterwards
recovered by the patriarchs, led by the spirit of Christ; that is, by the
idea of God, whereon alone it depends, that man may be free, and desire for
others the good which he desires for himself, as we have shown above
(IV:xxxii.).
Prop. LXIX. The virtue of a free man is seen
to be as great, when it declines dangers,
as when it overcomes them.
Proof.- Emotion can only be checked or removed by an emotion contrary to
itself, and possessing more power in restraining emotion (IV:vii.). But
blind daring and fear are emotions, which can be conceived as equally
great (IV:v. and IV:iii.): hence, no less virtue or firmness is required
in checking daring than in checking fear (III:lix.Note); in other words
(Def. of the Emotions:xl. and xli.), the free man shows as much virtue,
when he declines dangers, as when he strives to overcome them. Q.E.D.
Corollary.- The free man is as courageous in timely retreat as in combat;
or, a free man shows equal courage or presence of mind, whether he elect
to give battle or to retreat.
Note.- What courage (animositas) is, and what I mean thereby, I explained
in III:lix.Note. By danger I mean everything, which can give rise to any
evil, such as pain, hatred, discord, &c.
Prop. LXX. The free man, who lives among the
ignorant, strives, as far as he can, to avoid
receiving favours from them.
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