Proof.- If it be asked: What should a man's conduct be in a case where
he could by breaking faith free himself from the danger of present death?
Would not his plan of self-preservation completely persuade him to deceive?
This may be answered by pointing out that, if reason persuaded him to act
thus, it would persuade all men to act in a similar manner, in which case
reason would persuade men not to agree in good faith to unite their forces,
or to have laws in common, that is, not to. have any general laws, which is
absurd.
Prop. LXXIII. The man, who is guided by reason,
is more free in a State, where he lives under
a general system of law, than in
solitude, where he is independent.
Proof.- The man, who is guided by reason, does not obey through fear
(IV:Ixiii.): but, in so far as he endeavours to preserve his being
according to the dictates of reason, that is (IV:lxvi.Note), in so far
as he endeavours to live in freedom, he desires to order his life
according to the general good (IV:xxxvii.), and, consequently (as we
showed in IV:xxxvii.Note.ii.), to live according to the laws of his
country. Therefore the free man, in order to enjoy greater freedom,
desires to possess the general rights of citizenship. Q.E.D.
Note.- These and similar observations, which we have made on man's true
freedom, may be referred to strength, that is, to courage and nobility
of character (III:lix.Note). I do not think it worth while to prove
separately all the properties of strength; much less need I show, that he
that is strong hates no man, is angry with no man, envies no man, is
indignant with no man, despises no man, and least of all things is proud.
These propositions, and all that relate to the true way of life and
religion, are easily proved from IV:xxxvii. and IV:xlvi.; namely, that
hatred should be overcome with love, and that every man should desire for
others the good which he seeks for himself. We may also repeat what
we drew attention to in the note to IV:I., and in other places; namely,
that the strong man has ever first in his thoughts, that all things
follow from the necessity of the divine nature; so that whatsoever he
deems to be hurtful and evil, and whatsoever, accordingly, seems to him
impious, horrible, unjust, and base, assumes that appearance owing to his
own disordered, fragmentary, and confused view of the universe. Wherefore
he strives before all things to conceive things as they really are, and
to remove the hindrances to true knowledge, such as are hatred, anger,
envy, derision, pride, and similar emotions, which I have mentioned above.
Thus he endeavours, as we said before, as far as in him lies, to do good,
and to go on his way rejoicing. How far human virtue is capable of
attaining to such a condition, and what its powers may be, I will prove
in the following Part.
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