Ethnological results of the Point Barrow expedition: Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1887-1888, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1892, pages 3-442Murdoch, John
History
Ethnological results of the Point Barrow expedition: Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1887-1888, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1892, pages 3-442
Murdoch, John
Eskimos -- Alaska -- Barrow, Point, Region
a pattern with the barb divided into three points seems to be the
prevailing form. I will now proceed to the description of the
different forms of harpoon with which these toggle heads are used.
[Footnote N333: 2d Voyage, Pl. opposite p. 550, Fig. 13.]
[Footnote N334: Museum collections and Nordenskiöld, Vega, vol. 2,
p. 105, Fig. 1. This figure shows the blade _in the plane_ of the
barb, but none of the specimens from Plover Bay are of this form.]
Throwing-harpoons are always thrown from the hand without a
throwing-board or other assistance, and are of two sizes, one for the
walrus and bearded seal, and one for the small seals. Both have a long
shaft of wood to the tip of which is attached a heavy bone or ivory
foreshaft, usually of greater diameter than the shaft and somewhat
club-shaped. This serves the special purpose of giving weight to the
head of the harpoon, so it can be darted with a sure aim. The native
name of this part of the spear, ukumailuta (Greenlandic, okimailutaĸ,
_weight_), indicates its design. This contrivance of weighting the
head of the harpoon with a heavy foreshaft is peculiar to the western
Eskimo. On all the eastern harpoons (see figures referred to above and
the Museum collections) the foreshaft is a simple cap of bone no
larger than the shaft the tip of which it protects. Between the
foreshaft and the toggle-head is interposed the _loose shaft_
(i´gimû), a slender rod of bone whose tip fits into the shaft socket
of the head, while its butt fits loosely in a socket in the tip of the
foreshaft. It is secured to the shaft by a thong just long enough to
allow it to be unshipped from the foreshaft. This not only prevents
the loose shaft from breaking under a lateral strain, but by its play
facilitates unshipping the head. On these harpoons intended for
throwing, this loose shaft is always short. This brings the weight of
the foreshaft close to the head, while it leaves space enough for the
head to penetrate beyond the barb.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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