These two characteristics of the artist of the Tomba del Barone are
of great interest because the German archaeologist, Gustav Körte, has
demonstrated the existence of marks made by Greek artisans on the
walls of this tomb. It was not in Etruscan, but in Greek letters that
the artist indicated the amount of his day’s work, with a view to
his wages. The explanation, then, seems to be the following: a Greek
decorator was charged with the task of ornamenting the walls of the
tomb, and he did it, as far as the dresses are concerned, according
to local tradition; but he experimented boldly with a new technical
process, the success of which was prevented by the dampness of the
rock-wall; and he composed his pictures with a grandeur of line and a
tranquillity in execution which make one think of the pediment of a
Greek temple. In the light of this it is easier to realize how much of
the Etruscan temperament there really is in the other paintings, all
Greek influence on style notwithstanding. It must be noted here that
artisans’ marks are the only written evidence left by the decorative
painters of Etruria; artists’ signatures are unknown, whether in Greek
or in Etruscan. The Etruscan nobles, like the Roman later, evidently
employed Greek artists, but granted them no social position.
VII
[Sidenote: TOMBA DELLE BIGHE]
In the next period the predominant stylistic influence is Attic.
A whole group of tombs dates from about 500 B.C.: they are thus
contemporaneous with the severe red-figured vase-paintings. Very
Attic and, at the same time, like a complete pictorial procession,
representing everything which took place at a great Etruscan funeral,
is the Tomba delle Bighe, previously mentioned and now published by
Weege. As the pictures in this tomb are clearer and more complete than
most Etruscan paintings, we will take some of them as a starting-point
for a closer examination of the facts of Etruscan life.
There are two friezes on the three walls of the tomb: a narrower and
lighter above; and a broader one below, in which the figures are
painted on a deep red ground; the height of the friezes is respectively
36 and 90 cm., and they are separated by a broad, coloured band. The
narrow frieze with the dark figures on light ground still reminds one
of the black-figured Attic vases, whereas the lower purple frieze, in
which the skin of the men is reserved in a somewhat lighter red, that
of the women in white, recalls the red-figured vase-paintings, all
differences notwithstanding.
On the right-hand main wall (fig. 15), in the broad frieze, men and
women are dancing in honour of the dead among laurel branches. There
are the usual ecstasy and the familiar animated gestures with the
big fan-like hands, reminding one of the figures in archaic Greek
vase-painting and plastic art.[30]
[Sidenote: THE TUTULUS—CHARIOT RACE]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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