ESSAYS, ETC.--The best starting point is Haigh's _Tragic Drama of the Greeks_ (Oxford, 1896), pp. 204-321; Introduction to vol. i. of Paley's Commentary (see above); Articles in the Histories of Greek Literature by Mahaffy, Jebb (both Primer and article in Encyclopædia Britannica), Jevons, Murray. In French, the article in Croiset's _History of Literature_; P. Decharme, _Euripide et l'esprit de son Théâtre_ (Paris, 1893); P. Masqueray, _Euripide et ses Idées_ (Paris, 1908). In German, the "Einleitung" to Wilamowitz's _Herakles_, vol. i. (Berlin, 1889); Dieterich's article on Euripides in Pauly-Wissowa's _Real Encyclopädie_ is excellent, though severely compressed and ignorant of English work; articles in the Histories of Literature by Bergk (still valuable), Christ (in Ivan Müller's Handbuch), Bethe (in Gercke und Norden's Handbuch), Wilamowitz (in _Kultur der Gegenwart_); the account in Eduard Meyer's _Geschichte des Alterthums_, vol. iv., is good. Also Ed. Schwartz, _Charakterköpfe aus der Antiken Literatur_ (Leipzig, 1906), second study, very good: H. Steiger, _Euripides, seine Dichtung und seine Persönlichkeit_ (Leipzig, 1912). Useful, though often uncritical, is W. Nestlé _Euripides, der Dichter der Griechischen Aufklärung_ (Stuttgart, 1901); also _Die Philosophische Quellen des Euripides_ (Leipzig, 1902). The ideas of "the Enlightenment," to which reference is often made, can be well studied in Mr. Brailsford's book in this Library, _Shelley, Godwin, and Their Circle_. Dr. A. W. Verrall's theory of Euripides is developed in _Euripides the Rationalist_ (Cambridge, 1905); _Euripides' Ion_ (1890); _Four Plays of Euripides_ (1905); _The Bacchantes of Euripides_ (1910). See also G. Norwood, _The Riddle of the Bacchae_ (London, 1908). Murray's previous writings include the chapter in his _Ancient Greek Literature_ (1898); introduction to vol. ii. of _The Athenian Drama_ (George Allen, 1902). (This volume is called "Euripides" and contains, besides the translations of the Hippolytus, Bacchae and Frogs, since republished separately, an Introduction and an Appendix on the lost plays of Euripides). Introductions to his translations of separate plays: see above; _Greek and English Tragedy_, an essay in English Literature and the Classics, edited by G. S. Gordon (Oxford, 1912); and the article on Euripides in Hastings' _Encyclopaedia of Ethics and Religion_. (These writings have been sometimes quoted in the present volume.)