_Maps._--Spruner Menke, No. 19. Clarendon Press Historical Atlas, Nos. 61, 62, 52. The Ottomans-- _Cambridge Modern History_, c. iii. La Jonquière, _Histoire de l’Empire ottoman_. Finlay, _History of Greece_. Hammer-Purgstall, _Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches_. Ranke, _Die Osmanen und die spanische Monarchie im 16ten und 17ten Jahrhundert_ (translated). _Maps._--Spruner Menke, No. 89. Clarendon Press Historical Atlas, No. 82. Discovery-- _Cambridge Modern History_, cc. i. ii. Bancroft, _The Pacific States of North America_. Beazley, _The Dawn of Modern Geography_. _John Sebastian Cabot_ (Builders of Great Britain Series). Danvers, _The Portuguese in India_. Fiske, _The Discovery of America_. Harrisse, _Christophe Colomb_. _John Cabot._ _The Discovery of North America._ Markham, Sir C. R., _Life of Christopher Columbus_. _History of Peru._ Kretchmer, _Die Entdeckung Amerikas_. Payne, _History of the New World called America_. Peschel, _Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen_. Prescott, _History of Conquest of Mexico_. _History of Conquest of Peru._ Winsor, _Narrative and Critical History of America_. _Maps._--Spruner Menke, No. 20. Clarendon Press Historical Atlas, No. 85. FOOTNOTES: [1] This list may be supplemented by reference to the following Bibliographies:-- I. _The Cambridge Modern History_, of which vol. i. has already appeared. II. Armstrong, _Charles V._ III. Monod, _Bibliographie de l’Histoire de France_. IV. Dahlmann-Waitz, _Quellenkunde der deutschen Geschichte_. V. Förster, _Kritischer Wegweiser durch die neuere deutsche historische Litteratur_. VI. Pirenne, _Bibliographie de l’histoire de Belgique_. VII. Lavisse et Rambaud, _Histoire Générale_. [Illustration: SPAIN, 1494-1598] INTRODUCTION | True meaning of the division of History into Periods. | Importance of closing years of the fifteenth century. | Break-up of mediæval idea of a World-Church. | Rise of Individualism.