MELANOSPORAE. A. _Gills free from stem._ =Chitonia=. Volva present, ring absent. =Agaricus=. (= _Psalliota_, Fr.) Ring present, volva absent. =Pilosace=. Volva and ring both absent. B. _Gills attached to stem._ (Quite free from stem in some species of _Coprinus_.) + _Stem with a distinct membranous ring._ =Stropharia=. Gills adnate dark brown or purplish. =Anellaria=. Gills adnexed, grey and clouded with the black spores. ++ _Ring very imperfect or absent; gills decurrent._ =Gomphidius=. Gills subgelatinous. +++ _Gills not decurrent, not adhering laterally when young, not deliquescent._ =Hypholoma=. Gills sinuate, dark brown or blackish-purple; veil often hanging in fragments from edge of pileus. =Panaeolus=. Edge of pileus extending beyond the gills, pileus not striate. =Psathyrella=. Pileus sulcate or striate. =Psathyra=. Stem fragile; edge of pileus straight when young. =Psilocybe=. Stem tough; edge of pileus incurved when young. ++++ _Gills adhering laterally when young, deliquescing at maturity._ =Coprinus=. Ring and volva present in some species, ring alone others, both absent in others; gills adnate, adnexed or free. +++++ _Flesh of pileus entirely absent, the gills radiating from the stem free and unconnected by flesh above._ =Montagnites=. Volva present, buried in the ground. CHITONIA, Fr. =rubriceps=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. umb. reddish-brown; g. free, purplish-brown; s. 6-7 cm. hollow, paler than p., volva large, free edge torn; sp. 12 x 6. Introduced along with living plants into Kew Gardens. [=coprinus=, Fr. (= _Ag. involucratus_, Mont.) P. fleshy, convex, viscid, yellowish, sometimes floccosely scaly from fragments of volva; g. free, smoky-black; s. fistulose, naked, whitish, volva very small. Unless the small volva is noticed, this fungus will be considered as a sp. of _Coprinus_. AGARICUS, L. A. EDULES. _Large, fleshy._ =augustus=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. globose then exp. very obtuse, disc even, rest fibrillosely-scaly, pale yellow-brown; g. crowded, narrow, fuscous, remote from stem; s. 8-14 cm. solid, ring superior, large, areolately squamulose below; sp. 6 x 3.5. Edible. =peronatus=, Mass. P. hemispher. then exp. dull ochre, densely scaly; g. distant from stem, crowded, purple-brown; s. 10-14 cm. equal, marginately bulbous, hollow, with large spreading white scales up to broad spreading ring; sp. 6 x 4. Edible. Differs from _A. augustus_ in hollow, peronate stem. =elvensis=, B. and Br. P. 9-15 cm. subglobose then exp. fibrillose, broken up into large persistent brown scales, edge warted; g. crowded; s. 8-12 cm. narrowed at base, fibrillose, ring large, thick, warted below; sp. 8 x 4. Edible.