=Amanita=. Volva and ring present. Gills usually free, rarely adnexed or adnate. (Volva sometimes not evident round base of stem, but loose patches on pileus prove its presence.) =Amanitopsis=. Volva present, ring absent; gills free. =Lepiota=. Ring present, volva absent; gills free. (In some sp. the ring is imperfect, and in a few the gills are slightly attached.) =Hiatula=. Gills free; volva and ring absent. =Armillaria=. Ring present, volva absent; gills attached. ++ _Gills adnexed or adnate; ring and volva absent._ =Tricholoma=. Gills sinuate; stem fleshy. =Russula=. Pileus fleshy; gills very rigid, brittle. =Mycena=. Pileus slender, campanulate, usually striate, margin straight and adpressed to stem when young. =Collybia=. Pileus rather fleshy, more or less plane, margin incurved when young; stem cartilaginous outside. =Marasmius=. Tough, drying up and reviving when moistened; gills often connected by veins. +++ _Gills decurrent._ =Lactarius=. Gills and flesh exuding milk when broken. (In some sp. the gills are adnate.) =Hygrophorus=. Gills thick at the base, edge acute, rather waxy, often branched; pileus often hygrophanous. (In some sp. the gills are adnate or even free.) =Clitocybe=. Gills thin, pliant, sometimes powdered with the spores; stem fibrous outside. =Omphalia=. Gills thin, pliant, stem cartilaginous outside. =Pleurotus=. Growing on wood. Stem lateral or excentric when present. =Cantharellus=. Gills narrow, edge thick, rather waxy, forking. =Arrhenia=. Gills reduced to very slight wrinkles or veins. =Nyctalis=. Gills thick, edge blunt. Parasitic on fungi, or among dead leaves, &c. ** TENACES. Coriaceous, corky, or woody, persistent, rigid when dry. =Lentinus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge toothed or eroded. =Panus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge quite entire. =Xerotus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills forking, edge thick. =Lenzites=. Horizontal, sessile, woody or corky; gills radiating from behind. II. SCHIZOPHYLLAE. Margin of gills split open. =Trogia=. Gills resembling folds or wrinkles, edge grooved. (In the only European species the edge of gills not grooved.) =Schizophyllum=. Margin of gills split, the split portions rolling outwards. ABBREVIATIONS USED. Cm. = centimetres; compr. = compressed; decur. = decurrent; depr. = depressed; exp. = expanded; g. = gills; hygr. = hygrophanous; infundib. = infundibuliform; mm. = millimetres; p. = pileus; s. = stem; sp. = spores; umb. = umbonate; umbil. = umbilicate. The measurement given of the stem is that of its average length; that of the pileus, its average breadth when expanded. The measurement of the spores is given in micro-millimetres, usually indicated by the Greek letter mu. AMANITA, Fries. * _Margin of volva free, persistent._ + _Pileus red or deep orange._