7. =Persās=: _i.e._ the Parthians. Eutropius used _Persae_ for the Parthians who claimed descent from the old Persian kings. 10. =Crassum occīderat=: Bk. VI, 18. 11. =triumphum Rōmae ēgit=: several of the Roman standards lost at Carrhae were restored by the Parthians, and were carried in the triumphal procession. CH. 6. 12. =nāvālī proeliō=: at the battle of Naulochus, 36 B.C. _The Roman Triumvirates_, p. 219. Shortly afterward Lepidus set up the standard of revolt. He was defeated by Augustus and his power was taken from him, but his life was spared. 16. =ipse pūgnāvit=: he lacked the engines necessary for reducing the strongly fortified cities of the enemy, and besides he was very anxious to return to Alexandria. 17. =famē … labōrāvit=: his retreat has been compared to the flight of Napoleon from Moscow. 18. =prō victō=: ‘for conquered’ ＝ ‘as if conquered.’ CH. 7. 20. =dum … optat= ＝ _optāns_, ‘hoping.’ The world could not endure two masters. It was natural that they should disagree, and that the stronger should conquer. 22. =apud Actium=: September 2, 31 B.C. Antony had collected a large naval and land force, but his ships were too large to be handled easily, and many of his land forces deserted. In the midst of the fight Cleopatra fled in her galley, and Antony basely deserted his forces and followed her. Creighton, p. 82; _The Roman Triumvirates_, p. 225. 23. =ex quā=: the antecedent of _quā_ is _pūgnā_. 25. =exstincta est=: she was too proud to be carried to Rome to adorn the triumphal procession of her conqueror. PAGE 65. CH. 8. 7. =duodecim annīs= ＝ _per annōs_ above: the Ablative makes the limits of the time more prominent than the duration. 8. =prīncipātūs=: ‘leadership’; afterwards the ‘sovereignty’ of the emperors; cf. _prīnceps_, English ‘prince.’ 10. =morte commūnī=: ‘a natural death’; cf. _morbō dēcessit_, Bk. I, 3. There was a report that he was poisoned by Livia, his wife. 11. =Ātellā=: it is generally agreed that he died at Nola, near Naples. =sepultus est=: the ruins of his mausoleum still exist. 12. =ex māximā parte=: ‘in very many respects.’ 15. =cīvīlissimē=: ‘in a manner most becoming a citizen’; cf. _cīvīlēs_, Bk. I, 9. 16. =ut … suō=: ‘that he placed them almost on a level with his own dignity.’ 17. =aequāret=: sc. _eōs_. _Aequāre_ may also take _cum_ with the Ablative. PAGE 66. CH. 9. 6. =quod nūllī anteā=: sc. _dedērunt_. 8. =Crassō victō=: ‘from Crassus when he was defeated.’ CH. 10. 14. =in honōrem ēius=: the compliment was not in the founding, but in the naming. 18. =Dīvus appellātus=: _i.e._ he was deified and became the object of a national worship. In the provinces he was worshiped before his death.