14. =Cannae=: a town of Apulia to the south of the Aufidus, about halfway between Canusium and the sea. This was one of the most important battles of the war. Although the Romans greatly outnumbered the Carthaginians, by the skillful maneuvers of Hannibal, they were surrounded on all sides and were cut down without mercy. “For eight hours the work of destruction went on, and at the end 50,000 men lay dead upon the ground. Aemilius Paulus, the Illyrian hero, who, though wounded by a sling early in the day, had clung to his horse, heartening on his men, till he dropped exhausted from his saddle, the proconsul Servilius, the late high-spirited master of the horse, Minucius, both quaestors, twenty-one military tribunes, sixty senators, and an unknown number of knights were among the slain. Nearly 20,000 Roman prisoners were taken. Of the rest, Varro, with a few horsemen only, escaped to Venusia. Amid all this slaughter the conqueror had lost only 5500 of his infantry and but 200 of that matchless cavalry to whom the victory was mainly due.” _Rome and Carthage_, p. 160; Creighton, p. 44. 16. =pars dē exercitū= ＝ _pars exercitūs_; a very rare usage. 18. =acceptī sunt=: ‘were handled’; an ironical use of the word. 20. =nōbilēs virī=: men whose ancestors had held high office. 22. =mentiōnem habēre=: usually _mentiōnem facere_. =quod numquam ante=: sc. _factum erat_. 23. =manūmissī=: sc. _sunt_; they were liberated because none but freemen could serve in the Roman legions. CH. 11. 24. =multae Ītaliae cīvitātēs=: “chiefly Samnites and other south Italian states. The Greek cities held to Rome, and ‘not one Roman citizen, nor one Latin community, had joined Hannibal.’” PAGE 31. 2. =variīs suppliciīs=: probably the Romans exaggerated the cruelty and treachery of Hannibal. 3. =ānulōrum=: these rings were the distinctive badges of the knights and senators. 7. =duōbus Scīpiōnibus=: P. Cornelius and Gnaeus, the father and uncle of P. Scipio Africanus. For the campaign in Spain see _Rome and Carthage_, p. 183. CH. 12. 12. =annō quartō postquam=: H. 486 (429); M. 243, 1; A. & G. 256; G. 393; B. 223; cf. _aliquot annīs post_, Ch. 6. 13. =Mārcellus=: see note on _M. Claudiō Mārcellō_, Ch. 6. =cīvitātem= ＝ _urbem_; cf. _conditā cīvitāte_, Bk. I, 2. 16. =rēx Macedoniae Philippus=: although Philip promised aid, he never gave it. Owing to his frequent struggles with the states of Greece, and the invasion of Macedonia by the Romans, he was compelled to devote his undivided attention to preserving his realm. 21. =prōcōnsulem=: ‘ex-consul’; at the expiration of his term of office the consul was given a province to govern, under the title of proconsul. 22. =ea=: the antecedent is _Sardinia_. CH. 13. 25. =Hispāniīs=: the two divisions of Spain, Hither and Further. 28. =missus fuerat=: cf. _questa fuisset_, Bk. I, 8. PAGE 32. 3. =et Hasdrubalem=: ‘including Hasdrubal.’ CH. 14.