8. =ad … urbis=: cf. _ad quintum mīliārum urbis_, Bk. I, 15. This was merely a feint on the part of Hannibal to draw the Romans away from Capua, which they were besieging, to the defense of Rome. _Rome and Carthage_, p. 187. 12. =per multōs annōs=: cf. _per annum_, Bk. I, 10. 16. =nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna=: “So fell Syracuse, the virgin city, which had seen two Athenian armaments perish beneath its walls which had for centuries saved Sicily from becoming altogether, what its greater part then was, a Carthaginian appanage. … It fell to rise no more, at least to its former opulence. Its temples were left standing, because they would not pay for moving; … but the choicest works of art were swept off to adorn the imperial city.” _Rome and Carthage_, p. 181. 22. =in dēditiōnem accēpit=: cf. _in dēditiōnem accēpērunt_, Bk. II, 21. 24. =cōnsulem=: he was praetor, not consul. He was surprised by Hannibal and slain before Herdonia. PAGE 33. CH. 15. 2. =P. Cornēlius Scīpiō=: he is one of the most interesting characters in Roman history. Brilliant and versatile, he seemed to be the favorite of fortune. When the senate had resolved to make one more attempt to conquer Spain and were looking for a leader, he offered himself and was sent with 11,000 men. On his arrival he found the forces of the Carthaginians scattered in different parts of the province, and New Carthage defended by a weak garrison. By a brilliant stratagem he captured this with its riches and munitions of war, 207 B.C. Next he attacked Hasdrubal at Baecula in Andalusia. Although the Romans claimed the victory, Hasdrubal escaped from his hands and started for Italy to bear aid to his brother Hannibal. Spain was left to the undisputed possession of the Romans. 3. =annōs nātus … vīgintī=: cf. _decem … nātus_, Bk. I, 1. He was too young to be elected to the consulship. 5. =ferē prīmus=: ‘almost the first.’ =Karthāginem Hispāniae=: called ‘New Carthage.’ See note on _bellum Pūnicum secundum_, Ch. 7. A town still exists on the same spot bearing the name Cartagena. 11. =ūnō animō=: ‘with one accord.’ CH. 16. 14. =Q. Fabius Māximus=: see note on _Q. Fabiō Māximō_, Ch. 9. 17. =pecūniam hominum vēnditōrum=: ‘the money derived from the sale of the prisoners.’ 18. =ad fiscum=: cf. _ex fiscō_, Bk. II, 27. 21. =ēgregiās rēs=: ‘extraordinary exploits.’ =per sē=: cf. _per fīliōs_, Bk. I, 6. 22. =L. Scīpiōnem=: became famous for his victories in the East, Bk. IV, 4. 23. =Claudius Mārcellus=: see note on _M. Claudiō Mārcellō_, Ch. 6. CH. 17. 26. =rēs inclitās=: cf. _ēgregiās rēs_, Ch. 16. PAGE 34. 1. =in amīcitiam accēpit=: cf. _in dēditiōnem accēpērunt_, Bk. II, 21. It meant practical subjection in either case. =ā victō=: sc. _hoste_. 2. =obsidēs nōn poposcit=: by pursuing the opposite course to that of the Carthaginians he hoped to win over the Spaniards. CH. 18. 3. =dēspērāns=: ‘giving up the hope.’ 6. =ā cōnsulibus=: construe with _īnsidiās compositās_.