7. =apud Sēnam=: one of the critical battles of the world’s history. It is generally known as the battle of the Metaurus, from the name of the river near which it was fought. The messenger sent by Hasdrubal to inform his brother Hannibal of his coming fell into the hands of the Romans. Nero, leaving a part of his forces to watch Hannibal, with a picked band hastened north, joined the force under Salinator, defeated Hasdrubal, who perished in the battle, and returned to his army in Apulia before Hannibal discovered his absence. It is said that he ordered the severed head of Hasdrubal to be flung into the camp of Hannibal. He “recognized the features of the brother whom he had so long and eagerly expected, and in them sadly saw the doom of Carthage.” _Rome and Carthage_, p. 196; Creighton, p. 45. 12. =ingēns animus accessit=: lit. ‘great courage came to in addition’ ＝ ‘great courage was inspired in.’ =et ipsī= ＝ _etiam_: cf. _et ipse_, Bk. I, 8. CH. 20. 19. =in Āfricam missus=: the senate, led by Fabius, opposed the sending of Scipio, but the people forced that body to accede to their demands. Owing to the opposition Scipio was not as well equipped for the expedition as he should have been. =dīvīnum quiddam=: ‘something divine.’ The ancients believed that great men were inspired by the gods. Scipio pretended to hold communication with Jupiter Capitolinus. Probably he merely took advantage of a popular superstition. 24. =Syphācem=: Syphax had driven Masinissa, a Libyan king, from his throne. Masinissa joined Scipio on his arrival in Africa and gave him valuable aid. When the war was ended Masinissa was restored to his throne as his reward. PAGE 35. CH. 21. 5. =lēgātī … petīvērunt=: their purpose was to enable Hannibal to reach Africa and prepare for war against Scipio. 7. =quoūsque= ＝ _dōnec_: a late usage. 8. =mīlia=: sc. _lībrārum_. =pondō=: ‘by weight.’ 11. =nē … redderent=: Indirect Discourse depending on an idea of commanding implied in _hīs … dedit_. CH. 22. 19. =quibus prius=: sc. _data esset_; cf. _hīs condiciōnibus dedit_, Ch. 21. 20. =quīngentīs mīlibus=: Dative, object of _additīs_. 24. =Karthāginī bellum=: the details of these operations are imperfectly known. _Rome and Carthage_, p. 222. PAGE 36. CH. 23. 2. =ūllā memoriā=: ‘within the memory of any one.’ 3. =Scīpiō victor=: this was at the famous battle of Zama, one of the decisive battles of the world. Although Hannibal managed his forces with his usual skill, and his veterans fought like the men who had so often conquered in Italy, the Carthaginians were utterly defeated. This ended the Second Punic War. _Rome and Carthage_, p. 224; Creighton, p. 46. 6. =mīlia=: sc. _lībrārum_. 7. =supellectilis=: Nominative, the usual form is _supellex_. 9. =Āfricānus=: later _Māior_ was added to his name to distinguish him from the Scipio Africanus who destroyed Carthage, 146 B.C. 11. =quam coeperat=: cf. _quam vēnerant_, Bk. II, 28. BOOK IV CH. 1.