3. =cum duōbus fīliīs=: Q. Fabius Maximus and P. Scipio Africanus Minor, both of whom had been adopted into other families. 9. =Bīthȳniae=: supply _rēx_ from _rēgēs_ above. CH. 10. 15. =tertium … Karthāginem=: _The Story of the Romans_, p. 139; Creighton, p. 50; _Rome and Carthage_, Ch. XIX. The Romans encouraged their ally Masinissa to encroach on the territories of Carthage and to harass her in every way. They were seeking a pretext for war, having fully decided to utterly destroy their hated rival. The story is told that every speech that Cato the Censor made was concluded with the words ‘_Dēlenda est Carthāgō_,’ ‘Carthage must be destroyed.’ 16. =L. Mānliō Cēnsōrīnō et M. Mānīliō=: they were utterly incompetent. On several occasions they were saved from destruction only by the skill of Scipio. 19. =Karthāginem oppūgnāvērunt=: the Carthaginians tried in every way to avert the war. Embassy after embassy was sent to Rome, offering everything that could be asked. When the Romans demanded the surrender of the arms of the city, they were given. But when it was demanded that they should leave their city and should settle somewhere else at a distance of ten miles from the sea, they refused and prepared for the struggle that was inevitable. 21. =Scīpiō=: “Publius Cornelius Scipio was the youngest son of Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror of Macedonia. When quite a youth he had fought at his father’s side at Pydna, and he was afterwards adopted into a still more illustrious family, that of the Scipios. Like his grandfather, the great Africanus, he had early shown a taste for other arts than that of war; and his fondness for literature was cemented by the friendship which he formed, while still a youth, with the historian Polybius. He was inferior in all respects to his grandfather by adoption, the elder Africanus.” He is chosen by Cicero in the _De Amicitia_ as one whose friendship was worthy of immortality. 24. =cōnsultissimus=: ‘most fertile in council.’ =per eum=: cf. _per Ancī fīliōs_, Bk. I, 6. 27. =committere=: sc. _proelium_; the omission is late and rare. PAGE 41. CH. 11. 1. =per idem tempus=: equivalent to the Ablative of Time within which. =Masinissa=: see note on _Syphācem_, Bk. III, 20. CH. 12. 5. =iuvenis=: see note on _annōrum_, Bk. II, 6. Scipio was about thirty-seven years old, and had held the office of military tribune only. 6. =cōnsul est factus=: as in the case of his grandfather by adoption, there was the tacit understanding that his office was to be continued until he had brought the war to an end. The Romans by this time had learned the advantage of retaining in office in times of danger a man who showed himself adapted to the place. 9. =quae sua recognōscēbant=: ‘which they recognized as their own.’