10. =Karthāgō … dēlēta est=: “Thus happened what, happily, has rarely happened in history before or since. An ancient seat of civilization with the race which inhabited it, with its arts and its sciences, its laws, its literature, and its religion, was swept away at a single stroke, leaving hardly a wrack behind; and with it vanished the last rival whom Rome had to fear, the one state which ever met her on equal terms, and therefore alone stood between her and universal empire.” _Rome and Carthage_, p. 260. =quam= ＝ _postquam_. 11. =avus ēius=: his grandfather by adoption, P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Maior, the conqueror of Hannibal. 12. =Āfricānus iūnior=: _etiam ipse_ can, of course, refer only to Africanus, _iunior_ being adversative; ‘Africanus (but) younger’; cf. note on _Tarquinius iūnior_, Bk. I, 8. CH. 13. 14. =Pseudophilippus=: “A pretender, calling himself Phillip, the son of Perseus, met with support from Thrace and Byzantium, and was accepted as king by the Macedonian nation. He even extended his rule over Thessaly by his victory over the Roman praetor Juventius.” Mommsen, p. 219. 15. =praetorem=: the praetor was one of the chief magistrates at Rome, next to the consuls. The number varied at different times. After Sulla’s time there were eight. The duties of the praetor were to administer justice, and in the absence of the consuls to act in their place. Praetors were also sent to govern provinces subject to Rome. 16. =ad interneciōnem=: ‘to the point of destruction.’ CH. 14. 22. =cēpit=: after the battle of Leucopatra, in which the Achaeans were utterly defeated. =dīruit=: “With Corinth fell the liberties of Greece; a Roman province took the place of the state that for six centuries had been the home of art and eloquence, the intellectual sovereign of antiquity; but though overcome and despoiled, she became the guide and teacher of her conqueror.” The light of Greece was extinguished. 27. =pīctae tabulae=: ‘pictures.’ PAGE 42. CH. 15. 3. =habēret=: H. 598 (515, III); M. 378, 6; A. & G. 313, _d_; G. 587; B. 309, 3. =quaestōre=: the quaestor was an officer in charge of the treasury. Two remained in the city while the others accompanied the provincial governors and managed the finances of the provinces. CH. 16. 5. =Metellus=: Q. Caecilius Metellus, called Macedonicus, was the son of Caecilius mentioned in Bk. III, 19. He was consul in 143 B.C., and received the province of Hither Spain, where he carried on war with success for two years against the Celtiberi. His brother, L. Caecilius, was consul in 142 B.C. Chs. 21, 23. 8. =Viriāthus=: it is said that Caepio procured his assassination. 9. =quō metū= ＝ _cūius metū_: for the case of _metū_, cf. _metū_, Ch. 3. 12. =adsertor=: ‘restorer of liberty.’ CH. 17.