Every-day Science: Volume 6. The Conquest of NatureWilliams, Henry Smith
Science
Every-day Science: Volume 6. The Conquest of Nature
Williams, Henry Smith
Industrial arts; Machinery
But of course the story has another side. After all, Nature is not so
malevolent as at first glance she seems. She has opposed man at every
stage of his attempted progress; yet at the same time she has supplied
him all his weapons for waging war upon her. Her great power of
gravitation opposes every effort he makes; yet without that same power
he could do nothing--he could not walk or stay upon the earth even; and
no structure that he builds would hold in place for an instant.
So, too, the wind that smites him and tears at his handiwork, may be
made to serve the purposes of turning his windmills and supplying him
with power.
The water will serve a like purpose in turning his mills; and, changed
to steam with the aid of Nature's store of coal, will make his steam
engines and dynamos possible. Even the lightning he will harness and
make subject to his will in the telegraphic currents and dynamos.
And in the fields, the grains which man struggles so arduously to
produce are after all no thing of his creating. They are only adopted
products of Nature, which he has striven to make serve his purpose by
growing them under artificial conditions. So, too, the domesticated
beasts are creatures that belong in the wilds and in distant lands. Man
has brought them, in defiance of Nature, to uncongenial climes, and
made them serve as workers and as food-suppliers where Nature alone
could not support them. Turn loose the cow and the horse to forage for
themselves here in the inhospitable north, and they would starve. They
survive because man helps them to combat the adverse conditions imposed
by Nature, yet no one of them could live for an hour were not the vital
capacities supplied by Nature still in control.
Everywhere, then, it is the opposing of Nature, up to certain limits,
with the aid of Nature's own tools, that constitutes man's work in the
world. Just in proportion as he bends the elements to meet his needs,
transforms the plants and animals, defies and exceeds the limitations
of primeval Nature--just in proportion as he conquers Nature, in a
word, is he civilized.
Barbaric man is called a child of Nature with full reason. He must
accept what Nature offers. But civilized man is the child grown to
adult stature, and able in a manner to control, to dominate--if you
please to conquer--the parent.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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