Evolution and Classification of the Pocket Gophers of the Subfamily GeomyinaeRussell, Robert J.
Science
Evolution and Classification of the Pocket Gophers of the Subfamily Geomyinae
Russell, Robert J.
Pocket gophers
_Pliosaccomys_ are not known; however, it seems reasonable to assume
that the pattern of wear in the M3 of Dikkomyini was not essentially
different from that of the Geomyini, except that it is likely that the
U-pattern of the second stage of wear in the Geomyini was probably the
final stage in the genus _Dikkomys_.
Judging from the pre-final stages of wear, the dentition of the
Geomyini provides a curious combination of patterns that resemble in
part the Miocene genus _Dikkomys_ and in part the early and middle
Pliocene genus _Pliosaccomys_. There is no significant variation in
the premolars or third molars (at least in the lower teeth) of the
Geomyinae from the early Miocene to late Pliocene; therefore,
deviations of major significance are in the character of the first and
second molars. In the Geomyini, the patterns of wear of m1 and m2 are
the same as those of _Dikkomys_, and are distinctly different from
those of _Pliosaccomys_ where the two columns first unite at the edge
of their protomeres to form a U-pattern, rather than at their
mid-points to form an H-pattern. Even though the intermediate stages
of ontogeny in m1 and m2 of _Pliosaccomys_ and the Geomyini are
entirely different, the bicolumnar crowns of both eventually unite,
upon wear, into a single column. On the other hand, the patterns of M1
and M2 in the Geomyini most closely resemble those of _Pliosaccomys_,
rather than _Dikkomys_. In this regard it should be pointed out that
the upper molars of _Dikkomys_ are presently represented by only one
tooth, an M1 in an early stage of wear. As described already, the
patterns of M1-2 evidently would be mirror images of m1-2 in
corresponding stages of wear. However, the initial union of the two
columns, in the M1 that is known, is somewhat to the lingual side of
center and the relatively small lingual valley does not reach the base
of the crown, indicating, that eventually with wear, the two columns
of _Dikkomys_ might have become united across the entire surface of
their protomeres as in _Pliosaccomys_. Even so, the two columns of M1
do initially join closer to their mid-points than they do in
_Pliosaccomys_, and, if they did actually unite across their
protomeres, the union would have occurred with subsequent wear. That
is, the first occlusal pattern would be H-shaped (but with the
connection closer to the lingual than the labial side), as in m1 and
m2, and it would become U-shaped only after additional wear. This
sequence of patterns of M1 and M2, as already pointed out, does not
pertain in _Pliosaccomys_ or the Geomyini, since the U-pattern is
formed with the first union of the two columns at the edge of their
protomeres, and the primitive H-pattern is never developed, unless one
counts the slight lingual inflection, that occasionally is formed just
after the two columns unite, as being indicative of the primitive
pattern. As in the lower teeth, the bicolumnar crowns of early
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