Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Sankar Viswanathan, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net EVOLUTION IN MODERN THOUGHT BY HAECKEL, THOMSON, WEISMANN AND OTHERS THE MODERN LIBRARY PUBLISHERS :: :: NEW YORK * * * * * CONTENTS I DARWIN'S PREDECESSORS J. Arthur Thomson, Professor of Natural History in the University of Aberdeen II _The Selection Theory_ August Weismann, Professor of Zoology in the University of Freiburg (Baden) III HEREDITY AND VARIATION IN MODERN LIGHTS W. Bateson, Professor of Biology in the University of Cambridge IV "THE DESCENT OF MAN" G. Schwalbe, Professor of Anatomy in the University of Strassburg V CHARLES DARWIN AS AN ANTHROPOLOGIST Ernst Haeckel, Professor of Zoology in the University of Jena VI MENTAL FACTORS IN EVOLUTION C. Lloyd Morgan, Professor of Psychology at University College, Bristol VII THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONCEPTION OF EVOLUTION ON MODERN PHILOSOPHY H. Höffding, Professor of Philosophy in the University of Copenhagen VIII THE INFLUENCE OF DARWIN UPON RELIGIOUS THOUGHT Rev. P. H. Waggett IX DARWINISM AND HISTORY J. B. Bury, Regious Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge X DARWINISM AND SOCIOLOGY C. Bouglé, Professor of Social Philosophy in the University of Toulouse, and Deputy-Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris * * * * * EVOLUTION IN MODERN THOUGHT I DARWIN'S PREDECESSORS BY J. ARTHUR THOMSON _Professor of Natural History in the University of Aberdeen_ In seeking to discover Darwin's relation to his predecessors it is useful to distinguish the various services which he rendered to the theory of organic evolution.