Transcriber's note: Italics text is denoted with _underscores_, boldface text with =equals signs=. Other notes are at the end of this eBook. EVOLUTION ITS NATURE, ITS EVIDENCES, AND ITS RELATION TO RELIGIOUS THOUGHT BY JOSEPH LE CONTE AUTHOR OF “RELIGION AND SCIENCE,” ETC. AND PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA _SECOND EDITION, REVISED_ NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 72 FIFTH AVENUE. 1897. COPYRIGHT, 1888, 1891, BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The three years which have elapsed since the publication of the first edition of this work have been years of great activity of thought on many of the subjects treated therein. Some changes and additions seemed therefore imperatively called for. For example: There has sprung up recently among the foremost writers on evolution a warm discussion on the _factors_ of evolution, their number and relative importance. I have therefore added a chapter (Chap. III, Part II) on this subject--not, indeed, to discuss it fully (for this would be impossible in the limits of a chapter), but to put the mind of the reader in position to understand it and to judge for himself. Again: Every reader of the first edition must have remarked that there are many fundamental religious questions which I have not touched at all in Part III. I had avoided these because my own mind was not yet fully clear. I regarded what I then wrote as only a little leaven in a very large lump. I was willing to wait and let it work. In the mean time it has worked in my own mind, and I hope in the minds of others. I have therefore added two chapters to this part. In one I simply carry out to their logical consequences the doctrine of the Divine Immanency. This brings up the questions of _First and Second Causes_; of _General and Special Providence_; of the _Natural and the Supernatural_; of _Mind vs. Mechanics in Nature_, etc., and shows the necessary changes of view which are enforced by the theory of evolution. In the other I take up very briefly “_The Relation of Evolution to the Doctrine of the Christ_.” In the discussion of this I restrain myself strictly within the limits of the subject as stated above. The only other important changes are in Chapter IV, Part III, “_On the Relation of Man to Nature_.” As I regard this as the most important chapter in the whole book, I have endeavored still further to enforce my view of the origin of man’s spirit, and especially to make it clearer by means of several additional illustrations. JOSEPH LE CONTE. BERKELEY, CAL., _July 1, 1891_. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.