Certain muscles by which animals can twitch the skin are inherited by some persons who can move the scalp and the ears. The sense of smell in civilized man has become almost rudimentary. The vermiform appendix is not only useless but often injurious. It points back to the time when our ancestors were strict vegetarians--grass-eaters. In the _os coccyx_ man carries about with him the rudimentary bones of a tail. This, with the fact that the human embryo at one stage has a tail longer than its legs, is Nature’s everlasting reminder that proud man’s remote ancestor was adorned with a tail. In order to get as clear an idea as possible of man’s exact place in the animal scale we should note the points wherein man differs from his nearest relatives--the orang, the gorilla, the chimpanzee, the gibbon--as well as the points wherein he agrees with them. Here are the most obvious points of dissimilarity. Man walks erect, though in his first year he goes on all fours, while apes only occasionally walk, and that in a semi-erect position, their arms, longer than their legs, reaching the ground, knuckles touching. The nose of the ape is small, undeveloped; the canine teeth are very large; the mouth projects, and there is no chin. The entire body except the palms and soles is covered with hair. The brain capacity of the ape is less than half that of man. On the other hand there are more points of similarity than of dissimilarity between man and the apes; and if the points wherein they differ be examined they will be found to be differences in degree rather than in kind. The higher apes are entirely without tails; the embryo of the ape, like the human foetus, loses its tail sometime before birth. The young ape (monkey also) is born in almost as helpless a condition as is the human babe. The female ape has two mammary glands (udders) and they are always on the chest. Adult apes have the same teeth as man--thirty-two in number, incisors, canines, premolars, molars. They have the same 200 bones, the same 500 muscles, the same organs and glands. On their toes and fingers they have flat nails, like man, instead of claws. On account of the ape’s opposable great toe they were formerly classed as four-handed; but this was an error. In all essential respects their legs terminate in feet. Like man they are bipeds, and like man they have two hands. The brain of the ape, though much smaller than man’s, as we would expect it to be, is constructed on the same general plan as his with the same main fissures and the same groups of cells. There is no “missing link” in the plan and structure of man’s brain, whatever difference there may be between his and the ape’s in capacity.