Affection between husband and wife--Occidental and Oriental estimate of woman contrasted--This a subject easily-misunderstood--Kissing a social habit unknown in Japan--Demonstrative affection a social, not a racial characteristic--Some specific illustrations, Dr. Neesima--A personal experience--Illegitimate children--Fraudulent registration--Adult adoption--Divorce--Monogamy, polygamy, and prostitution--Race character, social order, and affection--Position of women--The social order and affection--The social order and the valuation of man and woman--The new social order and the valuation of man--The spread of Christian ideals and the re-organization of the family, 102 X. CHEERFULNESS--INDUSTRY--TRUTHFULNESS--SUSPICIOUSNESS Japanese cheerfulness--Festivals--Pessimism existent, but easily overlooked--The ubiquity of children gives an appearance of cheerfulness--Industry--Illustrations--Easy-going--Sociological interpretation--Mutual confidence and trustfulness--Relation to communalistic feudalism--Changes in the social order and in character--The American Board's experience in trusting Japanese honor--The Doshisha and its difficulties--Suspiciousness--Necessary under the old social order--The need of constant care in conversation, 115 XI. JEALOUSY--REVENGE--HUMANE FEELINGS Jealousy particularly ascribed to women--How related to the social order--Is jealousy limited to women?--Revenge--Taught as a moral duty--Revenge and the new social order--Are the Japanese cruel?--First impressions--Treatment of the insane--Of lepers--The cruelty and hardness of heart of Old Japan--Buddhistic teaching and practice--Buddhist and Christian Orphan Asylums--Treatment of horses--Torture in Old Japan--Crucifixion and transfixion by spears--Hard-heartedness cultivated under feudalism--Cruelty and the humane feelings in the Occident--Abolition of cruel customs in ancient and in Old Japan--Cruelty a sociological, not a biological characteristic--The rise of humane feelings--Doctors and hospitals--Philanthropy, 127 XII. AMBITION--CONCEIT Ambition, both individual and national--The "Kumamoto Band"--Self-confidence and conceit--Refined in nature--Illustrations in the use of English--Readiness of young men to assume grave responsibilities--A product of the social order--Assumptions of inferiority by the common people--Obsequiousness--Modern self-confidence and assumptions not without ground--Self-confidence and success--Self-confidence and physical size--Young men and the recent history of Japan--The self-confidence and conceit of Western nations--The open-mindedness of most Japanese, 137 XIII. PATRIOTISM--APOTHEOSIS--COURAGE