In this connection cordial thanks are extended to Professor J. F. Jameson and Dr. C. O. Paullin, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, for the privilege of using the data which they collected on the election of 1828 and the vote in Congress on the Tariff of 1832. Likewise Mr. P. L. Phillips, of the Division of Maps of the Library of Congress, has given the author much assistance. Nor must I fail to say that many of my students have rendered practical aid in working out the details of several of the maps. Mr. Edward J. Woodhouse, of Yale University, very kindly read all the proof and prepared the index. And Professors A. C. McLaughlin and M. W. Jernegan, of the University of Chicago; Allen Johnson, of Yale; Carl Becker, of Kansas; and Frederic L. Paxson, of Wisconsin, have all given counsel and criticism on certain chapters which have been of great practical benefit. But in making these acknowledgments for assistance rendered, it is not intended to shift to other shoulders any of the responsibility for statements or manner of treatment which may arouse criticism. The book is intended to be helpful, interpretative, and beyond any sectional bias. If the author has not been successful, it is not the fault of others, nor because of any sparing of personal efforts. _William E. Dodd._ CONTENTS I. _Andrew Jackson_ 1 II. _The West_ 20 III. _The East_ 39 IV. _Conflict and Compromise_ 58 V. _The Triumph of Jackson_ 77 VI. _Distress and Reaction_ 96 VII. _The Militant South_ 114 VIII. _War and Conquest_ 147 IX. _The Abolitionists_ 161 X. _Prosperity_ 184 XI. _American Culture_ 208 XII. _Stephen A. Douglas_ 231 XIII. _Abraham Lincoln_ 251 XIV. _The Appeal to Arms_ 268 XV. _One Nation or Two?_ 289 XVI. _The Collapse of the Confederacy_ 309 _Index_ i MAPS _The Presidential Election of_ 1828 _between_ 18 _and_ 19 _Distribution of Indians and Location of Indian Lands and Unorganized Territory of the United States or the States_ 26 _The Distribution of Industrial Plants in_ 1833 49