Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light: Made at the U.S. Naval Academy, AnnapolisMichelson, Albert A. (Albert Abraham)
Science
Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light: Made at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis
Michelson, Albert A. (Albert Abraham)
Light -- Speed
Electric light (1 set) 299850
Set micrometer counting oscillations (2) 299840
Readings taken by Lieutenant Nazro (3) 299830
Readings taken by Mr. Clason (5) 299860
Mirror inverted (8) 299840
Speed of rotation, 192 (7) 299990
Speed of rotation, 128 (1) 299800
Speed of rotation, 96 (1) 299810
Speed of rotation, 64 (1) 299870
Radius, 28.5 feet (54) 299870
Radius, 33.3 feet (46) 299830
Highest temperature, 90° Fahr. (5) 299910
Mean of lowest temperatures, 60° Fahr. (7) 299800
Image, good (46) 299860
Image, fair (39) 299860
Image, poor (15) 299810
Frame, inclined (5) 299960
Greatest value 300070
Least value 299650
Mean value 299852
Average difference from mean 60
Value found for π 3.26
Probable error ± 5
Discussion of Errors.
The value of V depends on three quantities D, n, and φ. These will now be
considered in detail.
The Distance.
The distance between the two mirrors may be in error, either by an
erroneous determination of the length of the steel tape used, or by a
mistake in the measurement of the distance by the tape.
The first may be caused by an error in the copy of the standard yard, or
in the comparison between the standard and the tape. An error in this
copy, of .00036 inch, which, for such a copy, would be considered large,
would produce an error of only .00001 in the final result. Supposing that
the bisections of the divisions are correct to .0005 inch, which is a
liberal estimate, the error caused by supposing the error in each yard to
be in the same direction would be only .000014; or the total error of the
tape, if both errors were in the same direction, would be 000024 of the
whole length.
The calculated probable error of the five measurements of the distance
was ±.000015; hence the total error due to D would be at most .00004. The
tape has been sent to Professor Rogers, of Cambridge, for comparison, to
confirm the result.
The Speed of Rotation.
This quantity depends on three conditions. It is affected, first, by an
error in the rate of the standard; second, by an error in the count of the
sound beats between the forks; and third, by a false estimate of the
moment when the image of the revolving mirror is at rest, at which moment
the deflection is measured.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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