Experiments and Observations Relative to the Influence Lately Discovered by M. Galvani and Commonly Called Animal ElectricityFowler, Richard
Science
Experiments and Observations Relative to the Influence Lately Discovered by M. Galvani and Commonly Called Animal Electricity
Fowler, Richard
Electrophysiology -- Early works to 1800; Galvani, Luigi, 1737-1798
This experiment I have many times repeated, both in the manner
described by the Dr, and with every variation in the disposition of the
hairs which I could devise: but whether they were placed upon the
metals, the nerves, or the muscles, or upon all at the same time,
neither I, nor my friends who assisted me, have in any instance been
able to observe them agitated in the slightest degree.
I have made similar experiments upon a dog, and upon a large and lively
skate, by disposing, in the same way that I did the hairs of a mouse,
flakes of the finest flax, swansdown, and gold leaf; but although the
contractions produced in the skate, by the contact of the metals, were
so strong as to make the animal bound from the table, not the least
appearance of electricity was indicated.
I next suspended, from a stick of glass fixed in the ceiling of a close
room, some threads, five feet in length, of the flax which I used in
the former experiment; and approached some frogs, recently killed, and
insulated upon glass as near to them as was possible, without touching:
but the threads were in nowise affected by the contractions produced in
the frogs.
In this respect, therefore, this influence agrees with that of the
torpedo, &c. So far as I know, M. Volta’s instrument for collecting,
condensing, and rendering sensible, very small degree of electricity
has not been employed in the examination of either.
And indeed I am not sure, if, in examining the newly discovered
influence, by such a test, a sufficient quantity of electricity might
not be produced merely by the motion of the animals, subjected to the
experiment, to occasion some fallacy in the result. Certain, however,
it is, that although this influence did not affect the electrometer in
these experiments, it produces infinitely stronger effects upon an
animal, than any which can be produced by a quantity of electricity
sufficient to affect an electrometer to a very high degree. I have
frequently detached the crural nerves of frogs for some length; and
having supported them upon a rod of silver, have applied an excited
piece of glass, or sealing wax, to the whole length of this rod. The
coarsest electrometers have been effected by it, at considerable
distances: but I have never, in this way, been able to excite
contractions, unless by laying the rod upon the excited cylender of a
powerful electrical machine.
This new influence likewise resembles that of the torpedo, in producing
its effects almost equally well, when both it and the subject upon
which it acts are insulated from surrounding conductors. But an
experiment similar to that, which I have related, of insulating, and
positively electrifying, both the frog and the metals applied to it,
has never (so far as I am acquainted,) been tried with the torpedo.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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