Experiments and Observations Relative to the Influence Lately Discovered by M. Galvani and Commonly Called Animal ElectricityFowler, Richard
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Experiments and Observations Relative to the Influence Lately Discovered by M. Galvani and Commonly Called Animal Electricity
Fowler, Richard
Electrophysiology -- Early works to 1800; Galvani, Luigi, 1737-1798
In an able lecture, which Dr Monro lately delivered, chiefly upon
this subject, he demonstrated the possibility of exciting
contractions in the limb of a frog, without either of the metals he
employed being in contact with it; or having any other communication
with it than through the medium of some moist substance. In varying
this experiment, I find, that if a frog be divided in two parts, just
above the origin of the sciatic nerves, and put into a bason of
water, the hind legs may be thrown into strong contractions, by
bringing zinc, or tin-foil, and silver, in contact with each other,
at the distance of at least an inch from the divided spine, so long
as they are kept nearly in a right line with it. Water, in this case,
is the only communication between the metals and the origin of the
nerves.
Footnote 5:
The contractions produced seemed to be strong in proportion to the
extent of the surfaces of the metals in contact, strongest when a
large plate of zinc is laid horizontally upon a large plate of silver
or gold. If the zinc be suffered to remain in contact with the
silver, for a little time, the contractions of the leg cease. The
zinc may then be slid over the silver, till it even touch the leg
without renewing the contractions: but, in withdrawing the silver,
the leg contracts at the instant the silver parts from it!
Footnote 6:
‘L’eau trop échauffée, ou qui est en éboullition, disperse
l’électricité, de manière à en détruire les phenomènes.’
‘L’excès du froid prive l’eau même de la propriété de conduire le
fluide en question.’--_Dr Valli, Lettre 9me._
Footnote 7:
It was in this way, indeed, that I have always excited contractions,
when I have employed this new mode of influencing animals, as a test
of remaining life in any part of them.
They were constantly kept in fresh water, as the situation most
natural to them, during the whole of the time they were under
experiment; and their skins were suffered to remain as entire as
possible, since I found their muscles lost their contractile power,
in a few hours, and became rigid when exposed, deprived of their
skins, to the action of the water.
Footnote 8:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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