Experiments on the Spoilage of Tomato Ketchup — John Shaqi
Experiments on the Spoilage of Tomato KetchupBitting, A. W. (Arvill Wayne)
Science
Experiments on the Spoilage of Tomato Ketchup
Bitting, A. W. (Arvill Wayne)
Ketchup
_No. 10._--Opened September 2, 1907; age unknown; half-pint
bottle; no preservative mentioned; not spoiled July 6, 1908. A
neck label 2 inches in height guaranteed the highest quality; an
extra label lower down on the neck stated the product to be the
natural color, and made from fresh, ripe tomatoes; the regular
label carried the brand, manufacturer’s name, etc. Color brown;
sweetish odor; colonies of mold; distorted filaments; many
bacteria; a few small oil globules. Price 25 cents.
_No. 106._--Same brand; pint bottle; examined in April, 1908; said
to be manufactured in 1907; color red, discolored near surface;
2-inch neck label in addition to regular label; no preservative
mentioned; did not spoil in seventy days; oil globules; particles
of red, amorphous matter; whole colonies of mold, as well as
fragments of filaments; teeming with bacteria.
_No. 77._--Different brand, but same manufacturer as Nos. 10 and
106; age unknown; pint bottle; one-twelfth of 1 per cent of sodium
benzoate declared; opened December 1; placed in incubator at 95°
F. for a month; not spoiled July 6; color reddish brown; greasy
odor; oil globules, many mold filaments, and bacteria present.
Price 20 cents.
_No. 107._--Third brand from same manufacturer as preceding; said
to be manufactured in 1907; half-pint bottle; one-twelfth of 1
per cent of benzoate of soda declared; layer of oil on surface;
sweet odor; reddish-brown color. Oil globules prominent feature
microscopically, whole colonies of distorted mold were present,
and sample contained many different forms of bacteria. Price 10
cents.
_No. 14._--Opened September 2, 1907; age unknown; no preservative
mentioned; not spoiled July 6, 1908; half-pint bottle; color red;
good odor; few bacteria; free from refuse. Price 25 cents.
_No. 108._--Same brand as No. 14; said to be manufactured in 1907;
pint bottle; one-tenth of 1 per cent of benzoate of soda declared;
color red; good odor; few fungi; clean and free from refuse.
_No. 33._--Opened October 24, 1907; age unknown; one-tenth of 1
per cent of benzoate of soda declared; spoiled November 1; pint
bottle (14 ounces); sweetish odor; brown color; many molds, yeast
and bacteria. Price 10 cents.
_No. 114._--Same brand as No. 33; said to be manufactured in 1907;
opened in April; not spoiled in seventy days; many molds, yeasts,
and bacteria; some green tissue, and filaments of algæ. The price
was 10 cents.
SUMMARY.
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